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comp sci > comp sci exam > Flashcards

comp sci exam Flashcards

1
Q

CPU

A
  • “brain” of computer, interprets, carries out instructions
  • important for overall computer function
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2
Q

motherboard

A
  • circuit board connecting all components of pc, provides pathways
  • BIOS and UEFI that initialize system/manages hardware settings
  • must be compatible with other parts
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3
Q

RAM

A
  • volatile memory(holds data temporarily, data will be lost when device closed)
  • gives CPU easy access to data
  • allows multitasking, smooth operations
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4
Q

hard drive

A
  • non-volatile storage (long term, hold data even when computer closed)
  • preserves files, operations, appliance when computer is off
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5
Q

PSU

A
  • converts electricity from wall to usable electricity for computer components
  • provides stable + regulated power
  • ensures computer gets correct amount of electricity for optimal performance
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6
Q

computer case

A
  • protect internal components
  • must accommodate/fit other components
  • provides support, external cables to connect keyboards/monitors, holes preventing overheating
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7
Q

graphics card (GPU)

A
  • handles graphics tasks, rendering videos, images
  • has own VRAM memory and processing power, used to handle complex situations
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8
Q

monitor

A
  • Output display that displays visual information from graphics card
  • Uses technology like liquid crystal display(LCD), light emitting diode(LED), or organic light emitting diode(OLED)
  • Allows user to interact with computer
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9
Q

mouse

A
  • Input device used to control cursor
  • Essential for navigating a computer
  • Enables clicking, pointing, dragging
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10
Q

keyboard

A
  • Input device used to enter text, commands etc.
  • Essential for communication with computer
  • Enables data entry, commands, interaction with softwares
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11
Q

order of components when making computer

A
  • CPU
  • computer case
  • motherboard
  • RAM
  • hard drive
  • cooler
  • GPU
  • PSU
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12
Q

why is CPU chosen first, qualities of good CPU

A
  • narrows choices for other components
  • more cores = better multi tasking
  • clock speed (Hz) fast = faster processing speed
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13
Q

why is computer case chosen 2nd

A
  • determines aesthetics
  • determines compatible motherboards
  • limits size of other components
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14
Q

why is motherboard chosen 3rd

A
  • must be compatible with CPU and case
  • states best compatible RAM and hard drive
  • states the number of PCI connectors for extra components (ex. Graphics card)
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15
Q

why is RAM chosen 4th, qualities of good RAM

A
  • already specified by motherboard and CPU
  • speed (Hz) determines how fast it can communicate with CPU
  • size (GB) determines # of processes that can be stored
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16
Q

types of hard drives

A
  • NVME SSD → fastest, can attach directly to motherboard
  • SATA SSD → cheaper, needs SATA cables to install, must be mounted on case
  • SATA HDD →cheapest, can store most data, slow
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17
Q

how to install cooler

A
  • use a pea sized amount of thermal paste
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18
Q

how to choose GPU

A
  • if no APU(accelerated processing unit), get GPU
  • choose based on intended purpose of computer
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19
Q

how to choose PSU

A
  • must meet power requirements based on other components
  • give at least 100 watts of wiggle room, so computer still works when energy fluctuates
  • easier to upgrade computer in the future
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20
Q

how to name files well

A
  • be concise, consistent, short
  • camelCase or underscores, avoid special characters, case sensitivity
  • add dates
  • indicate file type
  • use folders to organize similar files
  • avoid reserved words
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21
Q

examples of + pros and cons of online file managers

A
  • ex. microsoft onedrive, google drive
    pros: synchronization, accessible, easy to share, easy to back up
    cons: free plans have storage limit, must have secure login or could easily get hacked
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22
Q

hardware based backups

A
  • attach hard drive to computer, selecting wanted files, software will copy selected files to hard drive
  • Network-attached storage drive (NAS) are external hard drives that can be connected to a network to back up data
23
Q

what are uninstallers used for

A
  • Applications can leave behind hidden files, softwares like IObit Uninstaller (windows) and AppCleaner (mac) deletes all related files
24
Q

why do files get compressed

A
  • easier to share
  • takes up less space
25
Q

what are viruses, what do they do

A
  • Malicious and attach themselves to legitimate files to replicate and spread to others
  • Can corrupt data, steal information, damage computer functions
  • Antivirus softwares can prevent computer viruses
26
Q

what is a trojan horse, what does it do

A
  • Malicious software disguising itself as legitimate, leading to users downloading it
  • Once downloaded, attackers can access data, control system, deliver other malware
  • Does not replicate, uses social engineering tactics to trick users
27
Q

what is a worm, what does it do

A
  • Self-replicating malware that can independently spread to other computers/networks without host program and user interaction
  • Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) generates massive volume of traffic within a network, disrupting services
  • Worms steal data, damage computer, while DDoS paralyzes target
28
Q

what is adware, what does it do

A
  • Malware that displays unwanted advertisements to users
  • Designed to generate revenue for developers, but can disturb user experience
29
Q

how to protect pc from viruses

A
  • use a firewall
  • anti-malware software
  • don’t give personal info to untrusted sources
  • use vpn
  • strong passwords + 2 factor authentification
30
Q

what is phishing, what does it do

A
  • Malicious actors that impersonate trustworthy sources, luring users to trusting them
  • Leads to financial loss, information being stolen, identity theft
31
Q

in binary code, what represents on and off

A

0 - off, 1 - on

32
Q

what does ASCII stand for

A

American Standard Code for Information Interchange - they represent text and characters as binary codes

33
Q

what is web development

A
  • Process of creating websites and web applications
34
Q

java programming

A
  • object oriented programming language
  • versatile, compiled high level
  • “Write once, run anywhere” philosophy
35
Q

what are the data types in java

A

int, float(nums w decimals, must end with f), double, String, char, boolean

36
Q

storage of boolean

A

1 bit

37
Q

storage of char

A

16 bits

38
Q

storage of int

A

32 bits

39
Q

storage of float

A

32 bits

40
Q

storage of double

A

64 bits

41
Q

storage of String

A

depends on size

42
Q

what are variables

A
  • Labelled containers to hold values in a Java code
  • Can also be updated, referenced, and manipulated
  • Variables must have stated data type, given a name, assigned a value
43
Q

why do you close scanners?

A
  • resources may not release properly
  • tells underlying input stream that you’re done
  • prevent any issues with the behaviour of the code
44
Q

if statements

A
  • Controls and makes decisions in code
  • “else” can be added to create and if else statement, making code more complex
45
Q

switch statements

A
  • Alternative to else and if else statements when one variable must be tested against multiple others
  • More efficient to code, less coding to be done + keeps the flow of the program
46
Q

difference between loop and iteration

A

loop: running through a block of code over and over again
iteration: execute the same code for each item in a collection

47
Q

while loop

A
  • Typically used in code when there isn’t a specified ending point
  • Continues until the condition becomes false
  • Infinite loops occur when the condition never turns false
48
Q

for loop

A
  • Typically used in code when there is a specified ending point
  • Not all coding questions can be answered with a for loop
49
Q

for each loop

A
  • Used to make it easier to iterate through collections or arrays
  • Cannot be used directly on a String, must be converted to a character array first
  • Strings are not iterable
50
Q

arrays

A
  • Data structure that allows for a collection of the same data type
  • Groups multiple values under one variable name, easier to manipulate
  • size of array must be set before being used, cannot be changed
  • mutable, values at indexes can be changed
  • to print, must convert to string first
51
Q

arraylist

A
  • Dynamic arrays, can hold collection of multiple data types
  • Size of ArrayList can be changed, meaning values can be added and removed
  • Data type of ArrayList items must be Wrapper Class, cannot be primitive
  • can be directly printed
52
Q

what are static methods

A
  • Part of code that executes specific operations
  • Methods should contain return type, method name, parameter list, method body, and return statement
  • Return statement - if return type isn’t void, must return value of that type
  • Static methods allow us to perform algorithms, have a clean code, be able to reuse code
53
Q

nesting

A
  • A code within another code
  • Ex. nested conditionals are used to make multiple decisions
54
Q

documentation

A
  • internal comments within code (using //)
  • external documents too like user manuals

comp sci (1 decks)

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