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Comp Exam > Comp Exam > Flashcards

Comp Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Na/K Pump

A

3 Na OUT; 2 K IN

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2
Q

Local Potential - Temporal

A

STEPWISE Fashion

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3
Q

Local Potential - Spatial

A

SEVERAL at SAME TIME

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4
Q

End of Cord

A

L2

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5
Q

Cauda Equina

A

L2-S5

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6
Q

Lateral Horns

A

T1-L2

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7
Q

Posterior Intermediate Sulcus

A

C1-T2

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8
Q

Rexed Laminae 2

A

PAIN;

substanita gelatinosa

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9
Q

Rexed Laminae 3 & 4

A

DISCRIMINATIVE touch; CONSCIOUS proprioception;

nucleus proprius

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10
Q

Rexed Laminae 7

A

UNCONSCIOUS proprioception,

nucleus dorsalis/Clark’s column

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11
Q

Dorsal Column

A

Discriminative touch, conscious proprioception

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12
Q

Spinothalamic

A

Conscious pain/temp

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13
Q

Spinoreticular

A

Arousal, unconscious pain

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14
Q

Spinocerebellar

A

Unconscious proprioception

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15
Q

Lateral Corticospinal

A

Voluntary movement; fine motor

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16
Q

Rubrospinal

A

Gross motor

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17
Q

Reticulospinal

A

Trunk and posture

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18
Q

Vestibulospinal

A

Trunk and posture

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19
Q

Tectospinal

A

Reflexive turning of head

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20
Q

Quadraplegic

A

C1-T1

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21
Q

Paraplegic

A

T1/2 Down

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22
Q

Anterior Cord Injury

A

Ventral lost, dorsal intact

NO pain/motor/light touch/proprioception/deep pressure

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23
Q

Central Cord Injury

A

Medial lost;

UE > LE weakness

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24
Q

Brown Sequard Injury

A

Half lost

NO ipsi light touch/vibration; contral temp

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25
Q

Autonomic Dysreflexia Risk

A

T6 and above

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26
Q

SNS output

A

thoracolumbar

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27
Q

PNS output

A

cervicosacral

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28
Q

Thalamus nuclei: anterior

A

emotional tone

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29
Q

Thalamus nuclei: dorsomedial

A

judgement/reasoning

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30
Q

Thalamus nuclei: ventral anterior

A

motor planning/regulation

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31
Q

Thalamus nuclei: ventral lateral

A

motor output regulation

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32
Q

Thalamus nuclei: ventral posterior

A

somatosensory and vestibular information

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33
Q

Thalamus nuclei: LGN

A

relay to primary visual [17]

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34
Q

Thalamus nuclei: MGN

A

relay to primary auditory [41]

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35
Q

BG Loop: striato-pallido-thalamic

A

motor

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36
Q

BG Loop: dorsolateral prefrontal

A

executive function

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37
Q

BG Loop: lateral orbitofrontal

A

empathy/social appropriateness

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38
Q

BG Loop: Anterior cingulate

A

procedural learning

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39
Q

BG Loop: Direct

A

facilitates movement via internal GP, + feedback

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40
Q

BG Loop: Indirect

A

inhibit movement via external GP, - feedback

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41
Q

Climbing Fibers

A

Teach purkinje cells how to response to particular patterns of movement from mossy/parallel fiber input

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42
Q

Broca’s Area

A 
L = motor program of speech
R = nonverbal, gestures, tone
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43
Q

Wernicke’s Area

A 
L = comprehension of speech
R = nonverbal, spatial relationship
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44
Q

Semicircular canal

A

ANGULAR movement

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45
Q

Otolith

A

LINEAR movement [utricle = horizon; saccule = vert]

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46
Q

M1

A

primary simple movement of hand/face

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47
Q

PMA

A

complex multi-joint movement that is coordinated

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48
Q

PMCd

A

large proximal mm

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49
Q

PMCv

A

hand shape

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50
Q

SMA

A

sequential movement and bilat coordination

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51
Q

Stroke: face droop, dead arm, dysarthria, dysphagia

A

MCA

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52
Q

Stroke: LE weakness, difficulty standing

A

ACA

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53
Q

Stroke: impaired judgement, impulsivity, neglect, visual deficits, hemiparesis

A

Right

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54
Q

Stroke: language deficits, aphasia, apraxia, processing delay, perseveration, hemiparesis

A

Left

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55
Q

CT

A

good contrast resolution

specific and sensitive

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56
Q

Xray

A

specific, not sensitive

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57
Q

MRI

A

sensitive, no specific

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58
Q

T1 MRI

A

parallel, bone, anatomical

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59
Q

T2 MRI

A

perpendicular, water, pathology

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60
Q

ABCs of radiology

A

Alignment, Bone density, Cartilage, Soft tissue

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61
Q

Therapeutic Index

A

LD50/ED50; HIGHER # = SAFER

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62
Q

Absorption

A

best with small, lipid soluble, polar molecules

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63
Q

Pharmokinetics

A

absorption, distribution, biotransformation, excretion

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64
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

effect at target site

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65
Q

HTN meds [5]

A

beta blocker, alpha blocker, Ca blocker, diuretics, ACE inhibitor

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66
Q

Anti-arrhythmia meds [4]

A

Na blocker, beta blocker, K blocker, Ca blocker

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67
Q

MAOI

A

prevent dopamine breakdown

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68
Q

Mm relaxors

A

Baclofen [bind to GABA]; Botox [inhibit Ach]

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69
Q

Cancer drug that causes foot drop

A

Vincristine

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70
Q

Transcription

A

DNA > RNA

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71
Q

Translation

A

RNA > protein

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72
Q

Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Respiration

A

An = 2 ATP, A = 34 ATP

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73
Q

B cells

A

humoral immunity
bone marrow
antibodies

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74
Q

T cells

A

cell mediated immunity
thymus
NK cells

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75
Q

Hypersensitivity Types

A 
ABCD
1 = allergic
2 = antibody [blood]
3 = immune complex [clumps]
4 = cell mediated [delay]
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76
Q

Hashimoto’s

A

HYPOthyroidism, goiter, weight gain, cold intolerance

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77
Q

Grave’s

A

HYPERthyroidism, exopthalamus, weight loss, heat intolerance

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78
Q

OCD

A 
obsessive = repeated behavior
compulsive = MUST react immediately
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79
Q

ADHD

A

hyperactive, inattentive, impulsive

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80
Q

Cancer warning signs

A 
Night pain 
Can't alleviate pain
Deep ache
Diffuse
Weakness
Fatigue
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81
Q

Cushing’s

A

HYPER-ACTH, moon face, obese

82
Q

Addison’s

A

HYPO-ACTH, hyperpigmentation

83
Q

Na

A 
142 [135=low, 145=high], ECF
Aldosterone = direct relationship
ADH = indirect relationship
Hypo = hypovolemia, dec AP
Hper = edema, HTN
84
Q

K

A

3.5-5 [3.5=low, 5=high] ICF
Aldostersone = indirect relationship
Hypo/Hyper = arrhythmia, N/T

85
Q

Ca

A

ECF
PTH = direct relationship
Hypo = inc AP, weak heart
Hyper = dec AP, strong heart

86
Q

Spinal Fx Stability

A

1 column = stable
3 column = unstable
2 column = follow middle column classification
[I = stable, II, III = unstable]

87
Q

Knee Trauma Rule: Hx of trauma or fall AND 50 yo, AND/OR can’t WB 4 steps

A

Pittsburg Rule

88
Q

Knee Trauma Rule: >55 yo, tender @ fibular head/patella, can’t flex knee to 90, can’t WB 4 steps

A

Ottawa Rule

89
Q

Anterior and Posterior Hip Precautions

A

A: ext, ABD, ER
P: flex, ADD, IR

90
Q

Bone Health T-score

A

-1 = norm
-1 to -2.5 = osteopenia
> -2.5 = osteoporosis

91
Q

ABI Scale

A

0.5-0.8 = intermittent claudication

92
Q

ACE wrapping for AKA

A

into extension and ADD

93
Q

Extensor Excursion

A

extensor ligaments prone to shortening

splint in extrinsic + [MCP flex, PIP/DIP ext]

94
Q

Functional Hand Splint

A

Wrist 20-30 ext, thumb ABD, MCP 15-20 flex, PIP slight flex

95
Q

DF Stop and PF Stop

A 
DF = extension moment at knee
PF = flexion moment at knee [aid push off/foot drop]
96
Q

DF assist

A

increase toe clearance and prevent foot slap

ex. gillette, posterior leaf spring

97
Q

Ground Reaction AFO

A

force knee extension and aid push off

98
Q

Pressure intolerant areas for prosthetic sockets

A 
distal patella
tibial crest
fibular head
distal fibula
HS tendons
99
Q

Lever arm [long, short]

A 
Long = flexion moment, buckle
Short = fall over front, buckle
100
Q

Prosthetic [long, short, medial whip]

A

Long = vault, uphill, LBP
Short = step in hole
Medial Whip = ER of knee

101
Q

Disease: systemic, autoimmune, proximal, bouchard’s nodes at PIP

A

RA

102
Q

Disease: local, degeneration, distal, herberden’s nodes at DIP

A

OA

103
Q

OA nodes

A

Herberden’s at DIP

104
Q

RA nodes

A

Bouchard’s at PIP

105
Q

Stages of Cancer Intervention

A

Preventative, restorative, supportive, palliative

106
Q

Bone Malignancy: LE, 60 yo, distal femur/proximal tibia

A

osteosarcoma

107
Q

Bone Malignancy: > 40 yo, M>W, central skeleton and pelvis

A

chondrosarcoma

108
Q

Bone Malignancy: >3

A

Ewing’s Sarcoma

109
Q

Common metastasis sites

A 
Pituitary
Thyroid
Breast
Lung
Kidney
110
Q

Type of Research: record, analyze, and interpret what exists naturally

A

Descriptive

111
Q

Nominal Data

A

Classification scale, data assigned to a category

112
Q

Ordinal Data

A

Ranking scale

113
Q

Interval

A

Equal intervals with NO true zero [ex. temp]

114
Q

Ratio

A

Equal intervals WITH true zero [ex. ROM]

115
Q

Intra-rater

A

between ONE person

116
Q

Inter-rater

A

between 2+ people

117
Q

Standard Deviation Break Down

A

1 SD = 68% [34.1x2]
2 SD = 95% [13.6x2]
3 SD = 99% [2.1x2]

118
Q

Error: concluding there is a difference when there is not

A

Type 1

119
Q

Error: concluding there is NO difference when there is

A

Type 2

120
Q

Pearson’s Correlation Interpretations [R value]

A 
1 = perfect
0.7 = strong
0.5 = moderate
0 = no relationship
121
Q

Sensitivity

A 
SNOUT
Tests for True +
If you're - you DON't have it
RULE OUT
ex. MRI
122
Q

Specificity

A 
SPIN
Tests for True - 
If you're + you HAVE it
RULE IN
ex. pregnancy test
123
Q

Term: self-determination; wishes of competent individuals are honored

A

Autonomy

124
Q

Term: moral obligation to act for benefit of others

A

beneficience

125
Q

Term: obligation individuals have to others in society

A

duty

126
Q

Term: obligation to do no harm

A

non-maleficence

127
Q

Term: obligation to tell the truth

A

veracity

128
Q

Consequentialism

A

Focus on consequences, ends justify means

Actions that bring most good

129
Q

Deontological

A

Focus on action, strict moral obligation

130
Q

Global vs. Local muscles

A 
Global = mobility, pain = over-activation 
Local = stability, pain = inhibition
131
Q

PLL becomes the

A

tectorial membrane

132
Q

supraspinous ligament becomes the

A

nuchal ligament

133
Q

ligamentum flavum becomes the

A

posterior atlanto-occipital membrane/ligament

134
Q

Collagen type in the nucleus pulposus vs. annulus fibrosus

A 
nucleus = type 2
annulus = type 1
135
Q

optimal stimulus for regneration of nucleus vs. annulus

A 
nucleus = compress/distract
annulus = rotation
136
Q

Cloward Sign

A

anterior/lateral disc = mid back/scapular boarder

posterior/lateral disc = over scapula/upper arm

137
Q

Facet orientation

A 
CS = 45 to horizontal
TS = coronal [60-90-0]
LS = sagittal
138
Q

Fryette’s Law

A

LS in neutral = OPPOSITE coupling

LS in flex/ext = SAME coupling

139
Q

SI motion

A

nutation = flexion; counternutation = extension

140
Q

Neutral and Elastic Zone

A 
Neutral = 1st few degrees; movement w/little R
Elastic = neutral to end ROM; movement w/high R
141
Q

Condition: B&B dysfunction, saddle paresthesia, severe back pain, B leg pain, motor weakness

A

CE

142
Q

Condition: motor/sensory changes, hyper-reflexive, +/- B&B dysfunction, +/- pain

A

cord compression

143
Q

5 D’s for VA screen

A 
Drop attack
Dizzy
Diplopia
Dysarthria
Dysphagia
144
Q

MMT vs. Myotome

A

MMT = consistent weakness; Myotome = fatiguing weakness

145
Q

Traction parameters

A 
CS = 5-10# of F, Upper = 10-20 flex, Lower = 25-30 flex
LS = 25-50% BW
146
Q

Neurodynamic tender points

A

C6, T6, L4, post knee, ant elbow

147
Q

Slider vs. Tensioner

A

Slider: both ends move, irritable
Tensioner: one end moves, chronic

148
Q

McKenzie Classification: abnormal stress on normal tissue, no pain w/movement; re-edu

A

Postural

149
Q

McKenzie Classification: normal stress on abnormal tissue, pain at end ROM, remodel tissue

A

Dysfunctional

150
Q

McKenzie Classification: abnormal stress on abnormal tissue, direction pain; recover function

A

Derangement

151
Q

MSI: Flexion vs Extension Category

A

Flex: tight ext, weak paraspinals, flat back
Ext: tight flex, weak abs, lordosis

152
Q

How short and long muscles test

A

short test strong
long test weak

think L/T relationship

153
Q

Type 1 and 2 fibers prone to…

A

1 = weakness, 2 = tightness

154
Q

ROM testing for single and multi-joint muscles

A

single = end ROM; multi = mid ROM

155
Q

Forefoot varus NWB and WB [FF, STJ, C]

A

NWB: FF inverted, STJ neutral, C vertical
WB: FF flat, STJ pronated, C everted

156
Q

Forefot valgus NWB and WB {FF, STJ, C]

A

NWB: FF everted, STJ neutral, C vertical
WB: FF flat, STJ supinated, C inverted

157
Q

Rearfoot varus NWB and WB [FF, STJ, C]

A

NWB: FF inverted, STJ neutral, C inverted
WB: FF flat, STJ pronated, C vertical

158
Q

Soft end feel [6]

A

hip flex, knee flex, elbow flex, PIP flex, CMC flex, CMC opposition

159
Q

Hard end feel [8]

A

elbow ext, pronation, RD, PIP flex, Thumb MCP flex, Thumb IP flex, PIP flex, ankle eversion

160
Q

Blood borne pathogens and precautions

A

pathogens = HIV, Hep B, Hep C

gown and glove to tx open wound

161
Q

Feces pathogens

A

Hep A, Hep E

162
Q

Airborne pathogens and precautions

A

TB, SARS, Measles, Chicken Pox

PAPR, neg airflow room

163
Q

Droplet pathogens and precautions

A

Influenza, mumps, whooping cough

Mask and gloves

164
Q

Contact pathogens and precautions

A

VRE, MRSA

gown and gloves

165
Q

Contraindications to ICU Tx

A

HR >100, 200, 110

O2

166
Q

Positioning for AKA, BKA, Burns

A 
AKA = extension and ADD
BKA = hip and knee extension
Burn = elongation across joints
167
Q

Gait Trianing

A

4 and 2 point = FWB
3 point = NWB
3 point mod = PWB
4 and 2 point mod = balance

168
Q

Gait Speed

A

Norm = 1.4 m/s

Fall risk =

169
Q

Burn Classification

A

Superifical: epidermis, red, painful
Superifical partial: dermis, edema, blister, painful
Deep partial: little dermis remains, white, painless
Full: subcutaneous, painless

170
Q

Pressure Ulcer Classification

A

Stage 1: skin intact, non blanchble redness
Stage 2: partial thickness, red w/slough
Stage 3: full thickness, to FASCIA
Stage 4: full thickness, THROUGH fascia
Unstageable: full thickness covered with eschar

171
Q

Arterial vs. Venous wound

A 
Arterial = punched out, red halo, pain with elevation
Venous = irregular, hemosiderin staining pain with dependent position
172
Q

Wound Dressing = TIME

A

tissue management
infection
moisture
edge advancement

173
Q

US

A

Thermal = continuous, non thermal = DC 50%
1 MHz = deep; 3 MHz = superifical
subacute = 1 deg change, chronic = 2, stretch = 4

174
Q

Venous Wound Tx

A

CORE: compression, optimize wound environment, review risk factors, estable maintenance plan

175
Q

Wound modalities

A
  1. HVPC 2. US [acute nonthermal; chronic thermal]
176
Q

Pain modalities

A
  1. TENS 2. IFC
177
Q

Edema modalities

A
  1. IFC 2. NMES
178
Q

Weakness modalities

A
  1. Russian 2. NMES 3, IFC
179
Q

Carotid Sheath

A

Carotid a, Vagus n, Internal Jugular v.

180
Q

Cubital Fossa

A

Brachial a, Median and Radial n, Biceps tendon

181
Q

Pes Anserinus

A

SGT FOS
sartorius, gracilis, semitentindosus
femoral, obturator, sciatic

182
Q

Posterior Neck Triangle

A

Trapezius, posterior SCM, Clavical

Accessory n. BP, phrenic n. subclavian a/v

183
Q

Brainstem

A 
Midbrain = III, IV
Pons = V, VI, VII, VIII
Medulla = IX, X, XI, XII
184
Q

CN

A 
Olfactory
Optic
Oculomotor
Tochlear
Trigeminal
Abducens
Facial 
Vestibulocochlear
Glossopharyngeal
Vagus
Acessory
Hypoglossal
185
Q

Term: movement related to displacement, velocity, and acceleration

A

kinematics

186
Q

Term: movement in terms of forces

A

kinetics

187
Q

Newton’s Laws

A 
1st = intertia 
2nd = F=m*a
3rd = action/reaction
188
Q

Levers

A

1st = FAR; 2nd = ARF, 3rd = AFR

189
Q

Convex-Concave Rule

A

Convex moving = OPPOSITE

Concave moving = SAME

190
Q

Term: inability of a 2 joint mm to perform concentric contraction over 1 joint when shortened over another

A

active insufficiency

191
Q

Term: inability of a 2 joint mm to lengthen over 1 joint when it is lengthened over another

A

passive insufficiency

192
Q

Phases in Healing

A 
Acute = 0-10 day, at rest/with motion 
Subacute = 10d-6wk, with motion 
Chronic = 6w-1yr, after activity
193
Q

Hip Angle of Incline

A

Norm = 125
Valgum > 125, longer limb w/increase joint reaction force
Varus

194
Q

Hip Angle of Torsion

A

Norm = 8-15
Anteversion >15, IR, Toe IN
Retroversion

195
Q

ACL

A

NWB resists ANT translation

WB resists POST translation

196
Q

PCL

A

Resists FLEX
NWB resists POST translation
WB resists ANT translation

197
Q

Hand Deformity: PIP hyperext; DIP flex

A

swan neck

198
Q

Hand Deformity: PIP flex, DIP hyperext

A

Boutonniere

199
Q

Hand Deformity: PIP ext, DIP flex

A

Mallet finger

200
Q

Spine Coupling

A 
CS = Opposite
LS = Same
TS = follows what it's closest to

Comp Exam (1 decks)

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