Comp Comps Terms

Question 1

aleatoric music

Answer 1

Different types of aleatory–in composition, in performance, how limited
IVES pioneer
Cowell String Quartet no.3 ‘Mosaic’ (1934), which allows the players to assemble the music from fragments provided.
Cage Music of Changes for piano (1951)
4:33 the extreme
Lutoslawski Symphony no. 3. – limited aleatory with box notation.
(Almost anything has a certain degree)

Question 2

Bitonality

Answer 2

Again Ives first. First of Bartók’s 14 Bagatelles for piano (1908) the right hand uses a six-note mode on C♯, the left a five-note mode on C
duet in the Prologue of Britten’s opera Peter Grimes
(Petrushka but sort of not. Symphony in 3 Movements)

Question 3

chance music

Answer 3

Cage Music of Changes for piano (1951)
4:33 the extreme
Iannis Xenakis - Concret PH
La Monte Young’s Composition 1960 no.5, whose principal requirement is ‘Turn a butterfly (or any number of butterflies) loose in the performance area’.

Question 4

Chromaticism

Answer 4

Start with Wagner/Chopin. Strauss (Salome). Schoenberg op. 11. Pierrot lunaire. 12 tone music = total chromaticism.

Question 5

Combinatoriality

Answer 5

Twelve-note composition, a technique whereby a collection of pitch classes can be combined with a transformation of itself to form an aggregate of all 12 pitch classes.

In Schoenberg’s Variations for Orchestra op.31 tone row form P1’s and I10:
Ode to Napolean all comb hexachords
Combinatorial all-trichord hexachords from Elliott Carter’s Piano Concerto
Babbit 3 Compositions for piano

Question 6

computer applications in music

Answer 6

So not the same as electroacoustic which hasn’t always been with computers–tape or synthesizers too. (Schaeffer (Etude au Chamin de fer), Stockhausen (Gesang der Jungling)
Computers: DIGITAL SOUND SYNTHESIS (DAC) and ADC…
Pioneer Max Matthews Voice of the Computer (1970)
Paul Lansky Six Fantasies on a Poem by Thomas Campion (1978–9)
Carla Scarlatti Cyclonic

Question 7

Dodecophany

Answer 7

Schoenberg no. 4 op 19 pieces.
Webern Variations op. 30
Berg Violin concerto: The score integrates serialism and tonality in a remarkable fashion. Here is Berg’s tone row:
Also later serial stuff: Babbit Three compositions for Piano

Question 8

electronic instruments

Answer 8

Moog (Wendy Carlos) Beauty and the Beast
Ondes Martenot (turangulila symphony)
Theremin
Fantasia for theremin, oboe, string quartet and piano
Gabriel Prokofiev Concerto for Turntables

Question 9

expressionistic music

Answer 9

Schoenberg Pierrot, Erwartung, Berg Wozzeck, Strauss Salome

Question 10

Klangfarbenmelodie

Answer 10

A term coined by Schoenberg in his Harmonielehre (1911) to refer to the possibility of a succession of tone-colours related to one another in a way analogous to a relationship between the pitches in a melody. By this he implied that the timbral transformation of a single pitch could be perceived as equivalent to a melodic succession,

Five Orchestral Pieces op.16 (1909), Farben

Webern
Musical Offering and 5 pieces for Orch op. 10) Stockhausen (GEsang der Jungling etc)w
Ligeti Atmosphere’s. Back to Wagner Lohengrin perhaps.

Question 11

metric modulation

Answer 11

In music, metric modulation is a change in pulse rate (tempo) and/or pulse grouping (subdivision) which is derived from a note value or grouping heard before the change
Bach Orch Suite no. 1
Predecessors in Berg Lulu
Just going to say: Also jazz crossover people, Zorn, Anthony Braxton
Carter Cello sonata etc. (tempo modulation) (and pretty much everything else)

Question 12

Micropolyphony

Answer 12

Duh this is almost totally Ligeti (atmospheres, lux aeterna, lontano, requiem)
Reilly In C sort of does this.
Okay also relation to limited aleatory of Lutoslawski such as in Symphony no. 3

Question 13

microtonal music:

Answer 13

Parch, studies on anceint greek scales, Oedipus
Blackwood etudes
Haas and ealier spectralists (String qt. 5 for isntance)

Question 14

Minimalism

Answer 14

Reich, Glass (piano etudes), Reilly; workers union (Andriessen)

Question 15

multicultural music

Answer 15

Kyr Piano Concerto no. 1 draws on Gamelan modes.
Lou Harrison – Double Concerto for Violin and Cello, with Javanese Gamela
McPhee, Colin (1900-1964) TABUH-TABUHAN: Nocturne
A Flock Descends into the Pentagonal Garden, the characteristic timbres of the shō and its chords (several of which are simultaneous soundings of traditional Japanese pentatonic scales) are emulated in the opening held chords of the wind instruments

Question 16

Musique concrete

Answer 16

schaeffer etude aux chemins de fer
Jean Henry Le microphone bien temperé
Xenakis Concret PH

Question 17

modes of limited transposition

Answer 17

Messian’s term
Apply to much of what he did–qt. For the end of time, for instance.
Whole tone. Octatonic. Whole semi semi.
Octatonic specifically frequent in stravisnsky–Rite, Symphony of Psalms for instance.
Debussy (Nocturns, Nuages).

Question 18

neoclassicism

Answer 18

strav so much. Prokofiev Classical symph. Hindemith Ludus tonalis. Parts of Bartok Music for strings perc an d celeste. Martinu Symphonies.

Question 19

Neoromantic

Answer 19

Barber Second Essay, violin concerto Hanson symph no. 2 Harris no. 3

Question 20

octatonic scales

Answer 20

Suggestions in Wagner (Hagen), Tchaik, (Dom 7’s seperated by 3rd or tritone)
Octatonic specifically frequent in stravisnsky–Rite, Symphony of Psalms for instance.
Debussy (Nocturns, Nuages).

Question 21

octave displacement

Answer 21

Really?
Mozart Jupiter and a ton of other stuff.
Rzewski the people
Prokofiev violin duet

Question 22

Ondes martenot

Answer 22

Messian most often–Turangalila symphony
Varese Ecuatorial, originally for theremin
Jeanne Loriod sextets for onds

Question 23

Pandiatonicism

Answer 23

Stravinsky Symphony in C; Pulcinella; symphony of psalms
The Shrovetide Fair (Toward Evening)
Pandiatonicism is a musical technique of using the diatonic (as opposed to the chromatic) scale without the limitations of functional tonality (Coined by Slominksy 1938)
Pandiatonicism possesses both tonal and modal aspects, with a distinct preference for major keys
Often sense of tonic–key center.
Also Coopland, Appilachian Spring
Reich Music fo r 18

Question 24

Pan-tonality

Answer 24

A term coined by Rudolph Réti (in Tonality, Atonality, Pantonality, London, 1958) to explain the continued extension of tonal language in the late 19th century as it had been developed by Wagner, Debussy and others
Moving tonics
Wagner, Debussy
Also Stravinsky (symphony in 3 mvts)
Bartok (Concerto for Orch?) (strings perc celeste?)

Question 25

Pointillism

Answer 25

music that consists of separately formed particles—however complexly these may be composed
“Mode de valeurs et d’intensités” (1949)
Much of Webern, Six pieces for Orchestra op. 5; and the 5 pieces op. 10
Carter can sound like this (second quartet)

Stokhausen Kreuzspiel.

Question 26

Polytonality

Answer 26

(See bitonality)

Also stravinsky Rite, symphony of Psalms

Question 27

quartal harmony

Answer 27

Scriabin! Debussy. Ravel. Hindemith. 
Scriabin anything with the mystic chord
Arnold Schoenberg's Chamber Symphony Op. 9
Ravel Le Gibet--quintal
Cooland

Question 28

Scordatura

Answer 28

Old stuff. Biber. Bach 5th cello suite top tuned down. Often the whole instr. Transposed. Mahler. In new stuff?
The cello in George Crumb’s chamber work Vox Balaenae (scored for electric flute, electric cello, and electric piano). The traditional C-G-D-A tuning is changed to B-F♯-D♯-A, which serves to emphasize the key of B major that emerges in the final movement.
Firebird near the top–E down to D for harmonics

Question 29

spatial notation

Answer 29

You mean like Pendecki? (Yep)
Prozession stockhausen
Earl Brown - String Quartet

Question 30

Sprechstimme

Answer 30

Okay Pierrot
Engelbert Humperdinck’s 1897 melodrama Königskinder
Berg Wozzeck and Lulu

Question 31

synthesis (analog, digital, additive, FM, sampling)

Answer 31

Stockhausen 
Kontakte
Babbit Philomel
Wendy Carlos Beauty and the Beast
Anything with Synthesizers.

Question 32

total serialism

Answer 32

Babbit, boulez, George Perle