Comp 3: Change Flashcards
John Storey’s 4 managing change and meaning
TOTAL IMPOSED : leader makes decision based on their vision and it’s introduced all at once
IMPOSED PIECEMEAL : leader makes decision based on their vision and is gradually introduced
NEGOTIATED TOTAL: workers and management have consultations and is introduced all at once
NEGOTIATED PIECEMEAL: workers and management have consultations and is gradually introduced
What are the changes in MACRO ENVIRONMENT
Political, economic, social, technological, ethical, legal, environmental
What are internal changes of a business
Size of business, change in leadership, change in mission vision aims and objectives, change in the workforce
What are the external changes of a business
Developments in technology, market changes, consumer tastes, legislation, economic changes, mergers or takeovers
What are planned changes of a business
UK leaving the EU after Brexit vote, release of new products/changes in working arrangements, replacing a leader, new government laws
What are unplanned changes of a business
Natural disasters/ fires / floods, competitorsstarts a price war, sudden change of interest rates/ exchange rates, suppliers goes bankrupts
What’s the effects of change on a business
Need to change production methods (job, batch, flow, outsourcing), need to sell/update/resale equipment and technology, need to develop new products(r&d investment), need for recruitment/selection/training/ redundancies of employees, need for new market (geographical or target market), current products move along its product life cycle eg. to decline
What’s Kurt Lewin’s three step model to remove resistance to change
UNFREEZE: discussions and meetings about possible change with employees
CHANGE: internal stakeholders gradually adopt change
REFREEZE: embed the change
What does McGregor’s theory x manager believe
Workers are lazy, dislike work and avoid it if possible
Workers lack ambition, dislike responsibility and prefer to be led
Control, punishment and money motivators need to be introduced
Links to Taylor and Vroom, Lawler and Porter motivational theories
What does McGregor’s theory y manager believe
Workers enjoy work and seek satisfaction from it (if motivated)
Workers will organised themselves
Workers want to contribute to decisions and seek responsibility
Workers like variety of rewards (not just money), Mayo, Maslow, Herzberg motivational theories would be useful for these managers
What are the leadership styles
AUTOCRATIC: decisions are made by top people, formal system with strict controls,senior manage,ent do not trust workers, links to Taylor’s motivational theories and McGregor’s theory x manager
DEMOCRATIC: running a business on the basis of decisions agreed by the majority may be done through voting system, delegation is commmon, links to Maslow’s esteem needs, Herberg’s motivators and McGregor’s theory y manager
PATERNALISTIC:management decides what’s best for employees like parents with their children, autocratic style although decisions are made n the interest of employees, may consult staff before a decison, relates to Mayo’s work on human relations and the lower and middle needs of Maslow
LAISSEZ- FAIRE: leader has minimal input into decision making process, leaves running of business to the employees, delegation occurs but lacks focus and coordination, often arises from poor leadership or management
BUREAUCRATIC: clearly defines, rigid and complex rules/procedures, usually a hierarchical structure, centralised decision making, espically to deal with new or unusual situations, tightly defined job descriptions
