Comon Cellular Adaptions And Reasons For Occurrence

Question 1

Atrophy

Answer 1

-decrease size in cells=reduced tissue mass

Cause:reduced use of tissue, insufficient nutrition, decrease hormonal stimulation, aging

Question 2

Hyperplasia

Answer 2

-increase ‘number’ of cells resulting in enlarged tissue mass

Cause:compensatory mechanism to meet demands or hormonal imbalance

Question 3

Hypertrophy

Answer 3

-increase size of individual cells, resulting in enlarged tissue mass

Cause: additional work by the tissue, excessive hormonal stimulation

Question 4

Metaplasia

Answer 4

-one mature cell type is replaced by a different mature cell type

Cause: vit A deficiency, adaptive mechanism to provide more resistant tissue

Question 5

Dysplasia

Answer 5

-tissue cells vary in size and shape, large nuclei are frequently present, and the rate of mitosis is increased

Cause: chronic irritation infection, precancerous change

Question 6

Anaplasia

Answer 6

• cells that are undifferentiated with variable nuclear and cell structure structures and numerous mitotic figures
• seen in most malignant tumors, and is the basis for grading the aggressiveness of a tumor

Question 7

Neoplasia

Answer 7

• new growth (tumor)\
  Benign: may not become malignent/less serious/ do not spread
  Malignent: cancerous