COMMUNITYChapter2 Flashcards
Which best describes the time period when communities began to agree on collective action to stay healthy?
a. When industrialization occurred
b. When large urban centers began to develop and the population expanded
c. When people gathered together to settle in villages
d. When people were nomads engaged in hunting and gathering
D
Which best describes the first measures used by large communities to ensure community health?
a. Building safe sewage disposal systems
b. Healthy food choices and exercise
c. Praying to the gods for preservation
d. Use of medicine and other herbal remedies
A
A nurse has determined that there is always a consistent level of people in the population who experience pneumonia. Which best describes the prevalence of this disease?
a. Prevalent
b. Endemic
c. Epidemic
d. Pandemic
B
Which best describes an innovation introduced by the Romans?
a. Citizenship duties
b. Immunizations
c. Hospitals and nursing homes
d. Daily exercise
C
Which best describes a modern public health practice that was originally developed as a means of self-protection from the Black Death (bubonic plague)?
a. Care in a hospital
b. Chemical intervention
c. Isolation and quarantine
d. Herbal remedies
C
Which disease provided immunity to smallpox?
a. Cowpox
b. Measles
c. Mumps
d. Scarlet fever
A
A scholar during the Sanitary Revolution created medical topographies. What was the advantage of these surveys?
a. Citizens knew which wells were safe to use for drinking water.
b. People knew what housing areas to avoid.
c. Results demonstrated geographical factors related to regional disease.
d. The king could isolate areas of disease from safe areas.
C
How did Edwin Chadwick’s ideas help decrease disease in the nineteenth century?
a. The minimum wage was increased leading to improved quality of life.
b. Parish workhouses where poverty-level children labored for their room and board were closed.
c. Social reform legislation resulted in changes such as sidewalks.
d. The new emphasis on individual responsibility encouraged people to act to protect their own health.
C
Which best describes how John Snow was able to decrease deaths from cholera?
a. Removed a source of contaminated water
b. Created the world’s first antibiotic
c. Encouraged the new process of vaccination
d. Helped pass laws that required home quarantine
A
Which best describes the achievement that Lemuel Shattuck is well known for in the United States?
a. Publishing the census of Boston, which demonstrated the effect of sanitary reforms
b. Demonstrating the usefulness of vital statistics by analyzing environmental data
c. Developing ideas about public health care reform, which were eventually adopted
d. Establishing a state board of health to deal with the problems he had noted
C
Which nursing intervention would have most likely been used by Florence Nightingale when treating wounded soldiers?
a. Establishing private visits with spouses
b. Improving food, clothing, and cleanliness
c. Administering intravenous medications
d. Completing a community assessment of the army hospital
B
Which best describes how Nightingale responded to challenges about her suggestions for reform of health care?
a. She influenced male friends as political leaders to publicize her ideas.
b. She conveyed her statistical data in more detail and depth, and shared it with political leaders.
c. She encouraged those who challenged her to come up with more acceptable approaches to lowering the death rate.
d. She understood their concerns and tried to word her suggestions in a more politically acceptable way.
B
When comparing a surgeon today with a surgeon of Nightingale’s time, which best describes the primary difference in how they would operate on a patient?
a. Current physicians have better surgical equipment (tools).
b. Current physicians have nursing support staff in the operating room.
c. Current physicians would carefully scrub between cases.
d. Current physicians would prescribe antibiotics in the operating room.
C
Which scientific belief or idea eventually changed medical practice and decreased morbidity and mortality?
a. Bad fluids cause disease, which can be cured by their removal.
b. Specific contagious organisms cause disease.
c. Spontaneous generation theory—disease grows naturally.
d. The miasmic theory—environmental conditions cause disease.
B
Why did local and state governments start to become more involved in controlling disease?
a. Hospitals were becoming overcrowded.
b. Businesses were unable to make a profit when employees were ill.
c. Physicians demanded government support in their individual efforts.
d. Citizens were becoming upset with local conditions.
D
