Community Screening Programs

Question 1

Can screening guarantee protection?

Answer 1

Screening does not guarantee protection.

Question 2

In any screening programme there are…….. and …… results.

Answer 2

false positive and
false negative

Question 3

Screening can cure or reduce the chance of a serious condition?

Answer 3

Screening Reduce the chance of developing a serious condition or its complications

Question 4

…………….. which aims to improve health outcomes in people with the condition being screened for, among
groups of people identified as being at elevated / above average risk of a specific condition

Answer 4

proactive screening programme

Question 5

 ……….. screening for groups of high-risk for *specific condition
 …………. screening
that is more tailored to individual risk

Answer 5

Targeted

Stratified

Question 6

……….. high probability of detecting disease
……….. high probability that
those without the disease will screen negative

Answer 6

Sensitivity

Specificity

Question 7

The ……… of a screening test is based on its ……….. in identifying diseased and non-diseased persons,
and this can only be determined if the accuracy
of the screening test can be compared to some
“…………” that establishes the true disease status.

Answer 7

validity

accuracy

gold standard

Question 8

The most definitive measure of efficacy of a screening test is the difference in …………… between those diagnosed by screening versus those diagnosed by symptoms.

Answer 8

cause-specific mortality

Question 9

The effectiveness of a screening test is measured by its ability to …………..?

Answer 9

Reduce morbidity and mortality of the disease

Question 10

What is used to evaluate the efficacy of a screening test?

Answer 10

Studies that examine Disease-specific mortality over time correlating them with the frequency of screening

Question 11

Case-control and …….. are frequently used to evaluate screening,
but their chief limitation is that the study groups may not be comparable because of confounders, volunteer bias, lead-time bias, and ………..

Answer 11

cohort studies

length-time bias

Question 12

What must be the outcome of screening?

Answer 12

Reduced morbidity and mortality from the disease

Question 13

Because of these limitations and biases during evaluating screening programs, the optimal means of evaluating efficacy of a screening program
is to conduct a ………………with a large enough sample to ensure control of potential confounding(unexpected scenarios) factors.

Answer 13

randomized clinical trial
(RCT)

Question 14

What may be the cost/obstacle while conducting Randomized clinical trials?

Answer 14

Ethical problems

Question 15

Which one is done first a screening test or a gold standard test and why?

Answer 15

First screening test is conducted due to gold standard test being more expensive