Community S1 Flashcards
Healthcare organizations including hospitals were founded to give care to those
who need it and to keep patients safe.
Patient safety
“the degree to which health services increase the
likelihood of desired health outcomes and are consistent with current
professional knowledge”
Quality in Healthcare
“freedom from accidental injury: avoidance, prevention,
and amelioration of adverse outcomes or injuries stemming from the
process of care.”
Patient safety
A quality laboratory service
- Safe: avoids harm to patients,
- Effective: use scientific knowledge
- Patient-centered, responsive and respectful of patient preferences,
needs and values. - Timely, reduces wait times
- Efficient: avoids waste, which includes time, energy, ideas supplies,
and equipment. - equitable. does not vary in quality due to patient characteristics such
as gender, ethnicity, geographic location and socioeconomic status
INTERNATIONAL PATIENT SAFETY GOALS (6)
Goal1: Identify patients correctly
Goal2: Improve effective communication
Goal3: Improve the safety of high-alert medications
Goal4: Ensure safe surgery
Goal5: Reduce the risk of health care-associated infections
Goal 6: Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
Laboratory patient safety goals
- Improve the accuracy of patient and sample identification at specimen
collection, analysis and result delivery. - Improve the effectiveness of communication among caregivers. E.g.,
communication of life threatening or life altering information with the
treating physician. - Reduce the risk of patient harm resulting from falls
Assess and periodically re-assess each patient’s risk for falling. - Improve identification, reporting and correction of errors.
Safety culture
“Shared, learned beliefs and behaviors that reflect an
organization’s preparation to learn from errors”
know your motivations, preferences, and
personality and understanding how these factors influence your
judgment, decisions, and interactions with other people.
Self- Awareness
Benefits of self-awareness:
(7)
1- Understanding yourself.
2- Developing and implementing a sound self-improvement program.
3- Setting appropriate life and career goals.
4- Developing relationships with others.
5- Understanding the value of diversity
6- Managing others effectively.
7- Increasing your ability to contribute to organizations, your
community, and family.
Consequences of lack of self- awareness
wrong decisions that lead to
negative consequencesand are therefore less able to make
improvements necessary for change and development.
Sources of self-awareness:
1- Self-analysis:(A)
Behavior is the way in which we conduct ourselves—the way in
which we act.
(B)Personality describes the relatively stable set of characteristics and
tendencies that have been formed by heredity and by social, cultural,
and environmental factors.
(C)Attitudes are the predispositions to respond to an object, person or
idea in a favorable or unfavorable way.
(D)Perception describes the process by which individuals react towards
different situation.
2- Opinion of the others; Through feedback from others, we can gain more insight about
ourselves and our behaviors.
3- Diverse experience: Living or studying in a country other than your home country,
• Learning a new language
• Traveling
• Reading books on new subjects
It the intersection of information science, computer science, and health care.
health informatics
enables health care
organizations to collect, store, manage, analyze, and optimize patient treatment
histories and other key data
health informatics
Uses of healthinformation:
- For patients; self-treatment andsupport.
- For clinical staff; Support, diagnosis and treatment.
- For funders and administration; Cost estimation, health management
and resources allocation and outcomes.
Roles of computer science in medicine and health care:
1) Maintaining record system.
2) Data analysis.
3) Billing and financial system.
4) Material management.
5) Radiology.
6) Clinical management.
Advantages of health informatics:
- Accurate; as it allows a systematic way of storing and retrieving
information. - Efficient; Health informatics facilitates joined-up care. The various
departments, - Improve patient care; Health informatics not only merely allows
storage and retrieval of information, but can in fact be a decisionmaking
tool. Computerized guidelines offer benefits to help clinicians
and patients make better decisions. - Paperless technology; Health Informatics removes the need to keep
recording the same date again and again and again. It reduces wastage.
Disadvantages of health informatics:
- Expensiv
- Requires time to adapt fast
- Over-dependency on technology
- Susceptibility to network hackers.
Importance of data collection:
Diagnosis of community health problems.
Assessment of community health needs.
Comparison of health status in different countries and in one country over the
years.
Comparison of disease status in different countries and in one country over the
years.
Evaluation of health services and health programs.
Quantitative variables
- Discrete data: are usually whole numbers, such as number of children in
the family, number of RBCs count, and number of hospital beds (no
.(عالمة عشرية fraction decimal - Continuous data: it implies the measurement on a continuous scale
e.g. height, weight, age, hemoglobin level (a decimal fraction can be
present).
- Qualitative data; non numerical data
- Nominal (categorical): data are purely descriptive and imply no ordering of
any kind such as sex, blood group, area of residence etc… - Ordinal data: are those which imply some kind of ordering like;
• Level of education: illiterate, read and write, primary, secondary and
university education.
• Socio-economic status: low, middle and high standards.
•Response to drug either none, fair, good, very good and excellent.
• Degree of severity of disease: mild, moderate and severe.
A mean to identify our priorities (life, work) and develop strategies to
attain personal and professional objectives.
goal setting
Importance of goal setting
to be an effective person.
