Community Nursing Midterm Flashcards
Primary prevention
Promotes health through an upstream approach using the identification of potential risk factors and the mobilization of policy and public awareness to avoid injury or illness. Involves health promotion activities and protective actions against disease or injury that has not yet occurred in the population.
Secondary prevention
Promotes health through the early identification of diseases and conditions and timely treatment of them. Focus is to halt an illness if possible and perhaps effect a cure or slow the progression of a disease through therapeutic treatments and medications
Tertiary prevention
Initiated once an individual becomes symptomatic, or disease or injury is evident. Focus is on maintaining or restoring function and preventing further disability from the disease or injury. Rehabilitate or restore the affected person to the maximum possible capability, maximize their quality of life, and meet their self identified goals
Upstream approaches
Prevention and promtion strategies focused on policy interventions that benefit the whole population
Extend beyond addressing individual behaviours and identify programs, policies and environmental changes that will impact the health of a population
5 principles of Primary Health Care
Accessibility, Public participation, Health promotion, Appropriate technology, Intersectoral collaboration or cooperation
Eight components of Primary Health Care by WHO
- Education about health problems and prevention techniques
- Promotion of food supply and proper nutrition
- Adequate supply of safe water and basic sanitation
- Maternal and child healthcare, including family planning
- Immunization against major infectious diseases
- Prevention and control of locally endemic diseases
- Appropriate treatment of common diseases and injuries using the PHC principle of appropriate technology
- Provision of essential drugs
Primary Health Care 2 underlying values
Social justice and equity
Canada Health Act
Has ensured that Canadians have access to health care regardless of their ability to pay or where they live
The Ottawa Charter essential concepts
Prerequisites for health
Strategies for promoting health
Peace, education, shelter, income, and food
Carin, holism, and ecology
Where do community health nurses work
Homes, schools, workplaces, streets, shelters, churches, community health centres, outpost nursing stations
Public health informatics
the systematic application of information and computer sciences and technology to public health practice, research and learning
8 principles of HON (Health on the Net Foundation)
Authority Complementarity Privacy Attribution Justifiability Transparency Financial disclosure Honesty in advertising and editorial policy
Metaparadigm
The global concepts essential to the practice of community health nursing
Philosphy
An abstract statement about what is believed to be true in terms of the development of knowledge and what is valued in terms of practice
Epidemiology
Study of the occurrence and distribution of health related states or events in populations, including the study of influencing determinants, and the application of this knowledge to control health problems
Public health nursing discipline specific competencies
- Knowledge derived from public health and nursing science
- Skills related to assessment and analysis
- Conducting policy and program planning, implementation and evaluation
- Achieving partnerships, collaboration and advocacy
- Promoting diversity and inclusiveness
- Effective communication exchange
- Leadership capabilities and
- Professional responsibility and accountability
Ottawa Charter Health Promotion Strategies
- Building healthy public policy
- Create supportive environments
- Strengthen community actions
- Develop personal skills
- Reorient health services
- Moving into the future
Social Determinants of Health as defined by WHO
The circumstances in which people are born, grow up, live, work and age and the systems put in place to deal with illness
Social Determinants of Health
Income and social status Social support networks Education and literacy Employment/working conditions Social environments Physical environments Personal health practices and coping skills Healthy child development Biology and genetic endowment Health services
Canadian Community Health Nurse and Nursing Practice Model 5 standards
Code of ethics Theoretical foundation Values and principles Professional regulatory standards Community health nursing standards and discipline specific competencies
Six essential functions of public health
Health protection Health surveillance Population health assessment Disease and injury prevention Health promotion Emergency preparation and response
