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PCM III > Community medicine > Flashcards

Community medicine Flashcards

1
Q

Define health

A

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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2
Q

Define public health

A

Preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts:

  • controlling community infections
  • educating the individual in the principles of personal hygiene
  • organizing medical and nursing services
  • development of the social machinery which will ensure to every individual in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health
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3
Q

20th century public health

A
  • Dealt with the health status of a population
  • Dealt with prevention of illness
  • Was disorganized, varied a great deal b/w populations and countries around the world
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4
Q

4 part definition of public health

A
  1. Mission
  2. Substance
  3. Organizational framework
  4. Core functions
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5
Q

What did the Future of Public Health establish?

A

A central mission and core functions

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6
Q

What are the core functions of public health

A
  1. Assessment
  2. Policy Development
  3. Assurance
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7
Q

Assessment definition

A

Knowing what needs to be done

  • Monitor health status to ID community health problems
  • Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards
  • Evaluate the effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of servies
  • Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems
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8
Q

Policy development definition

A

Being part of the solution

  • Developing policies and plants that support health
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9
Q

Assurance definition

A

Making sure it happens

  • Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety
  • Link people to personnel health services and assure the provision of health care
  • Assure a competent public health and health care workforce
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10
Q

3 major eras in public health

A
  • Prior to 1949: battling epidemics (Yellow Fever). Establishment of NIH, FDA, SSA, CDC, WHO, and Hill Burton Act
  • 1950-1999 Filling gaps in medical care delivery: increased focus on the poor and access to care. Growth of health insurance post WWII. Medicare and Medicaid programs established-1965
  • 2000-present: preparing for and responding to community health threats, manmade and natural; anthrax, 9/11, TSA
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11
Q

Medicaid

A

Health care for low income populations

- Partially state funded, so criteria for eligibility varies from state to state

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12
Q

Medicare

A

Health servies for people > 65 and/or suffering from long term disability

Part A: in patient hospital, nursing home, hospice
Part B: outpatient services, physicians, and medical supplies
Part C: insurance plans such as HMO or PPOs
Part D: rx plans, drugs

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13
Q

US public health achievements of the 20th century

A
  • Vaccinations
  • Motor Vehicle Safety
  • Safer workplaces/occupational safety
  • Control of infectious disease
  • Decline in deaths from CHD and CVA
  • Safer and healthier foods
  • Healthier mothers and babies
  • Family planning
  • Chlorination and the fluridation of drinking water
  • Recognition of tobacco as a health hazard
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14
Q

Current issues in public health today

A
  • Ongoing obesity
  • Whooping cough and measles
  • MRSA
  • West Nile
  • Pandemic Flu Threats
  • Disparities in Health Care
  • Unwanted pregnancies
  • Ebola
  • Disaster preparedness
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15
Q

Medical care vs public health

A

Medical care

  • Treats individuals
  • Healing from illness via diagnosis and treatment
  • Clinical interventions
  • Well established profession, standardized education, and certification
  • Clinical sciences integral; social sciences less emphasized
  • Experimental studies with control groups

Public health

  • Treats the community
  • Prevention and health promotion
  • Environment and human behavior interventions
  • Diverse workforce, variable education, and certifications
  • Social sciences integral, clinical sciences peripheral to education
  • Observational studies; case control and cohort studies
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16
Q

The “standard of healthcare quality”

A
  • Public health controls the licensing of physicians, nurses, and othe rhealth care professionals
  • All hospitals and other healthcare institutions also much be licensed by states
  • All this ensures a standard of quality of healthcare provided
17
Q

What is community medicine?

A

The study of health and disease of a specific community in a population

Goal is to identify the health problems and needs of defined populations/communities, to identify means by which these needs should be met, and to evaluate the extent to which these health services effectively meet these needs

  • Strongly emphasizes prevention, early intervention, rehabilitation and education, as well as diagnosis and treatment of disease

The bridge between public health and medicine

18
Q

Define community

A

A group of people with something in common:
language, geographic boundaries, age, attendance at primary care clinic, shared cause, bond of identity, history, or values

19
Q

What is a community health center?

A

Non profit, federally designated entities that provide comprehensive primary care services regardless of ability to pay
- Also provide access to dental and mental health services

Provide primary and preventative care to people who might otherwise not be able to afford it

> 1200 in the US. Mostly found in inner cities and isolated rural communities where there are shortages of medical and social servies

20
Q

DHHS

A

department of health and human services

21
Q

IOM

A

institute of medicine

PCM III (13 decks)

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