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Community Health > Community health > Flashcards

Community health Flashcards

1
Q

How can a public health nurse advocate?

A
  • Act on behalf of the clients best interest
  • Be impartial
  • Keep client informed
  • Carry out instructions with diligence and competence
  • Maintain confidentiality
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2
Q

Provide an example of non-maleficence r/t community health nursing?

A
  • Confidentiality

- Stay educated and up to date on community health issues and research

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3
Q

Levels of prevention:

A
  1. Primary: prevention
    a. The public health nurse develops a health education program for a population of teenage children that teaches them about STI’s and methods to prevent STIs .
  2. Secondary: screening + treatment
    a. The public health nurse develops a program of toxin screenings for migrant farm workers who may be exposed to pesticides, and then she refers any patients with positive toxin levels out for treatment.
  3. Tertiary: f/u care and referrals to prevent disease progression
    a. The public health nurse provides a diabetic clinic for a defined population of adults in a low-income housing unit in the community.
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4
Q

Community Based Or Community Oriented?


A

Community-oriented nursing

  • community nursing assessment to determine what conditions need to be altered for the community as a whole needs to be healthy
  • Prevent disease and promote and maintain health for entire community

Community-based nursing
- Nursing care provided for illness care, manage acute/chronic conditions, to individuals out in the community

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5
Q

Public health versus Community Health

A

Public health nursing
- The public health nurse will synthesize nursing and public health theory to promote, preserve, and maintain the health of populations through disease and disability prevention and health protection of the community as a whole. Core functions include 1) assessment of the populations health, 2) develop policies to support health, 3) assure essential services are available to everyone

Community health nursing
- The goal of community health nursing is the same as PHN in that they are trying to promote and preserve health, but the goal is met through the delivery of personal health care services to individuals, families, and groups

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6
Q

Are PHN focused on individual care or the care of the population?

A

Populations

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7
Q

How has this role (PHN) changed over the years?

A

Changes in healthcare

  • Priority of funding
  • Needs of population you’re serving
  • Education and preparation changes
  • Historical shift from treating disease → preventing disease occurred in the early 1900s
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8
Q

Changes in Life Expectancy: What are some improvements in public health since the 1900’s that have led to an increase in life expectancy

A
  • Air and water quality
  • Vaccination
  • Motor-vehicle safety
  • Safer workplaces
  • Family planning
  • Fluoridation of drinking water
  • Recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
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9
Q

Lilian Wald

A

founder of PHN

  • Founder of The Henry Street Settlement
  • visiting nurses in the homes to assess living conditions and encourage health promotion
  • Persuaded…
  • american red cross to support rural nurse services
  • Life Insurance companies to provide nurse care to policyholders
  • Introduced term “public health nurse”
  • Emphasized: prevention and health promotion
  • Social policies
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10
Q

Mary breckenridge

A
  • Frontier nursing service: nursing care for remote people

- kentucky

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11
Q

F. Nightingale

A
  • Formalized nursing education
  • biostatistics/ research → first to use EBP
  • Cleanliness and infection prevention
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12
Q

6 obligations of PH

A
  • Prevent •Protect •Promote •Assure
    1. Prevent epidemics + the spread of disease.
    1. Protect against environmental hazards.
    1. Prevent injuries.
  • 4.Promote + encourage healthy behaviors.
    1. Respond to disasters + assist communities in recovery.
    1. Assure the quality + accessibility of health services
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13
Q

Essential Services CDC

A
  1. Assess and monitor population health status, factors that influence health, and community needs and assets
  2. Investigate, diagnose, and address health problems and hazards affecting the population
  3. Communicate effectively to inform and educate people about health, factors that influence it, and how to improve it
  4. Strengthen, support, and mobilize communities and partnerships to improve health
  5. Create, champion, and implement policies, plans, and laws that impact health
  6. Utilize legal and regulatory actions designed to improve and protect the public’s health
  7. Assure an effective system that enables equitable access to the individual services and care needed to be healthy
  8. Build and support a diverse and skilled public health workforce
  9. Improve and innovate public health functions through ongoing evaluation, research, and continuous quality improvement
  10. Build and maintain a strong organizational infrastructure for public health
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14
Q

Essential Services from class

A
  1. Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems?
  2. Provide food and nutrition to all members of the community
  3. Ensure the PHN have a master’s degree or higher
  4. Diagnose and investigate health problems and hazards in the community
  5. Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and safety.
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15
Q

Levels of Practice

A
  • System
  • shape policies/ laws
  • Ex: restaurant laws requiring employees to wash hands
  • Community
  • Change community norms, attitudes, behaviors
  • Ex: program in a school to teach kids about handwashing
  • Individual/Family
  • Individual or family level changes in behavior, practices, or knowledge
  • Ex: parent teaches kid handwashing
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16
Q

What are the overarching goals of HP 2020?

A
  • Achieve higher quality and longer lives
  • Achieve health equity and eliminate disparities/ social determinants
  • Create healthy environments
  • More focused objectives/ fewer objectives
17
Q

What are the differences between 2020-2030 healthy people?

A

● More focused goals 355 in 2030 vs 1100 in 2020
● Social determinants of health
● More specific health and well-being measurements
● Definition for health literacy
● E-ciggys are bad
● Opioids are bad when misused
● More community driven leadership towards health promotion and policy change

18
Q

What are the Leading Health Indicators (LHI’s) used for in the local health department setting?

A

Leading Health Indicators (LHIs) are a small subset of high-priority Healthy People 2030 objectives selected to drive action toward improving health and well-being. Most LHIs address important factors that impact major causes of death and disease in the United States, and they help organizations, communities, and states across the nation focus their resources and efforts to improve the health and well-being of all people. Healthy People 2030 includes 23 LHIs.

19
Q

What are the 3 components of the Epi triangle? Provide example of each…

A
  • Agent - the cause of the health problem
  • bacteria, virus, stress, genetics, chemical
  • Host - host factors influence risk/ susceptibility to the agent
  • Physical characteristics, stress, lifestyle, resistance/ immunity
  • Environment -factors that facilitate transmission
  • Food, water, animals, vectors, socioeconomic
20
Q

Terminology

A

Morbidity: diseases
Mortality: death
Risk: probability an event will occur in a specific period of time
Rate: measure of frequency in a defined population in a specific period of time
Prevalence: the number of people w/ disease at any 1 time
Incidence: new cases within given period of time
Web of Causality: the relationship b/w cause and effect - a map of the relationships

21
Q

What studies are utilized to understand health and disease- individual or populations?

A

Observational studies – No intervention, observes present or past
experimental/interventional studies -> uses interventions to test

22
Q

Endemic

A

Persistent presence of a disease or infectious agent of low to moderate number of cases in a given area

23
Q

Epidmeic

A

Rate exceeds the normal or expected frequency for a specific area in a specific period of time

24
Q

pandemic

A

: Epidemic spread of an event over several countries or continents. 3 things;

  • Highly virulent
  • Lack of human immunity
  • Easy transmission from human to human
25
Q

Epidemiology Investigation Methods

A 
Analytic Epidemiology
-	Why & how
Descriptive Epidemiology
-	Who, what, when (person, place, time)
-	This occurs 1st, then you do analytic epidemiology

Community Health (1 decks)

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