Community Health Flashcards
define roles of nurses in environmental health
Knowledge acquisition
Assessment and identification of risk
Resource identification/referral
Education and advocacy: individual, community, population
Coalition building and partnerships
Development of programs and interventions
Policy development
Define the relationships of environmental risk, racial equity, and social justice.
Poor are disproportionally affected by environmental hazards
Historically marginalized populations are disproportionately poor, therefore are more affected
Identify components of environmental exposure assessment (I PREPARE).
I – investigate protentional exposures P – present work R – residence E – environmental factors P – Past work A – activities R – referrals and recourse E – educate
Identify opportunities in which nursing interventions could decrease harmful environmental influences on health.
Environmental assessment Anticipatory guidance for parents Health histories: previous exposure, etc. Occupational workplace safety Climate change policy and advocacy
Differentiate between the Category A, B, and C bioterrorism agents
Category A are considered the highest risk because they can be easily spread from person to person. They result in high death rates. Might cause public panic. Require special attention for public health preparedness. A includes – Anthrax, Botulism, Plague, Smallpox, Tularemia, viral hemorrhage fever
List and define the phase of the disaster management cycle.
Describe the nurse’s role in disaster management.
Prevention/Mitigation-prevent or minimize risks related to disaster and identifying risks and taking action to prevent a disaster or reduce the effects.
Considerations include immunizations, safety codes, building codes, making sure people have disaster kits that include necessities.
Nurses perform community assessments, identify risk at a community or individual level, develop plans for alternate housing, consider risk reduction activities, help to plan for evacuation, use our skills and public policy to advocate for prevention and mitigation strategies and also thinking about ongoing communication to make sure that our community is working to prevent and / or mitigate the risks associated with disasters.
Preparedness – most critical phases. Planning and readiness are the priority.
Nurses’ role: policy, communication, obtaining equipment and supplies, training, sheltering, first aid, emergency transport. This includes early warnings, recruiting volunteers, making sure that people are adequately trained, and that necessary equipment is available. Policy is very important to assure a high level of preparedness. Once again, continuing to ensure that equipment and supplies are available, and that people know how to use them. Nurses also play a key role in sheltering and first aid in emergency response so must be involved in planning for these things.
Response – immediate action in the face of disaster. Save as many lives as possible, provide for immediate needs of survivors, and reduce longer term impact
Nurses’ role: providing both physical and
mental health care, triage, managing scarce
resources, infection control, continuous monitoring
Recovery and Rehabilitation-Assist community and affected population, Restoring vital services, rebuilding infrastructure and housing, Long-term process with short- and long-term goals
Nurses’ role: continued care and support, monitoring, referrals, assist with re-establishing infrastructure, evaluation that leads to changes in prevention
Describe various roles and unique contributions of the nurse to advocacy and policy initiatives.
Quality process and improvement, expertise on the patient experience, safety.
Develop skills to write a letter to legislative officials as one means of influence on health policy
Identify your position, identify your audience an know their correct name and title, Use your resources.
Legislative – brief, clear, concise, thankful and polite
Develop skills to write a letter to an editor regarding a health issue for a population group
Identify your position, identify your audience an know their correct name and title, Use your resources.
Editor – match publication, current and relevant, accuracy of intended audience
Understand basic global health concepts, terms and trends
Global Health is “an area for study, research, and practice that places a priority on improving health and achieving health equity for all people worldwide.”
Health equity is achieved when every person can “attain his or her full health potential” and no one is “disadvantaged from achieving this potential because of social position or other socially determined circumstances.”
Describe the intent of the Sustainable Development Goals
The Sustainable Development Goals are a call for action by all countries – poor, rich and middle-income – to promote prosperity while protecting the planet. They recognize that ending poverty must go hand-in-hand with strategies that build economic growth and address a range of social needs including education, health, social protection, and job opportunities, while tackling climate change and environmental protection.
No poverty, no hunger, good health and wellbeing, quality education, gender equality, clean water and sanitation, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth, industry innovation and infrastructure, reduce inequalities, sustainable cities and communities, responsible consumption and production, client action, life below water, life on land, peace justice and strong institutions, partnerships for the goal
Articulate ethical and cultural considerations of Global Health Nursing
Respect-Assessing/recognizing assets/ not just needs
autonomy of partners
Be aware of pressure/compulsion to intervene beyond scope of practice
Recognize-respect time/resources
Informed consent-Perceptions, different standards
Sustainability-Capacity building
Use of locally available resources
Provide access to online resources/communication
Sustainable, long-term relationships
Discuss basic epidemiology terminology
Endemic-Habitual presence of disease in a defined geographic area
High background rate of disease
Epidemic-Increase, often sudden, in the number of cases of a disease above what is normally expected in that population in that area
Pandemic-Widespread, often global
Explore models of disease
Web of Causation, Wheel of Causation and Epi-triangle
Vector = carries agent to host, animal, ticks, bats, mosquitos
Agent = element capable of causing a disease, bacteria, physical, chemical,
Host = population at risk, age, race, genetics
Environment = context in which host and agent interact, humidity levels, lack of clear water
Describe elements necessary to determine causality
Strength of association Consistency Biological plausibility Correct temporal sequence Dose-response relationship
