Community - Exam 2 Substance Abuse Flashcards
Leading health problem in the US~
Substance abuse#
Harm reduction Model~
Addiction is a health problem
- Any drug can be abused
– Accurate info can help people make responsible decisions about drug use
— people who have substance use disorders can be helped
The goal is to emphasize compassion, humility, and that SA is a health problem, not a crime problem#
Harm reduction interventions~
Examples:
1. goal to reduce OD deaths
- intervention: fentanyl test strips; naloxone educ
- reduce sharing needles/pipes
- intervention: syringe service program; safe smoking supplies#
Depressants~
Reduce activity of CNS
lower energy level
reduce sensitivity to external stimulation
Booze
benzos
barbiturates
Opioids
Weed#
Psychoactive drugs~
Alter emotions
used for enjoyment
self medication
2 categories#
Stimulants~
Increase activity of CNS
alert
energetic
nicotine
cocaine
caffeine
amphetamines#
Opioid crisis~
number 1 cause of OD
morphine/heroin/codeine/fentanyl
fentanyl 50x more potent than heroin, 100x more than morphine
tolerance is quick
most effective pain meds
requires tapering#
Opioid epidemic causes~
Pharmaceutical companies duped docs (supposedly) into dispensing butt tons of opioids (in some states, more than 100 per 100 people) thinking they weren’t addictive (yeah right)
Peaked in 2012 from prescribers#
Three waves of opioid deaths~
Wave 1: 1999 - prescription ODs
Wave 2: 2010 - Heroin ODs
Wave 3: 2013 - synthetic ODs (tramadol, fentanyl, prescribed or bought)#
Tobacco~
Smoking most prvcentable cause of death in the US
Stimulant: alert/energy temporarily
Tolerance quicker than heroin
10 years earlier death
In 2019 the biggest tobacco companies spent 8.2 billion on advertising for the US alone#
Tobacco use among teens~
9/10 smokers tried it by age 18
1600 youth try cigarettes every day in the US
E-cigs are most used tob product among youth
5.6 million youth at risk of early death (smoking illness)
23.6% of high schoolers report regular use (22.7% for Iowa)#
Primary prevention~
Nurses are frontline workers
Promote healthy lifestyles and RESILIENCY factors:
- coping
- healthy options
- don’t rely on drugs
Educate about guidelines for use
Increase public awareness about hazards and risks#
Secondary Prevention~
Identify at-risk peeps (screenings)
Discuss source of stress
Social work referral (financial strains/stress)
Help families recognize addiction and codependency#
Tertiary Prevention~
Assist develop plan avoid high-risk situations (don’t go to bar)
Monitor withdrawal symptoms
Monitor pharma management (methadone/nic replace)
Referral to treatment facility
Referral to support groups (AA)
Provide emotional support to SA’s and their peeps#
