community capitals and the rural landscape

Question 1

amenity counties

Answer 1

are those located near natural resources that the larger population views as a source of beauty and recreation;
in the main, they include counties near bodies of water and mountains.

Question 2

community

Answer 2

describes a place or location in which groups of people interact for mutual support.

Question 3

Gemeinschaft

Answer 3

describes a community based on personal relationships and face-to face interactions

Question 4

Gesellschaft

Answer 4

describes a community in which relationships are impersonal, formal, and frequently guided by contractual arrangements.

Question 5

Metropolitan areas

Answer 5

consist of one or more adjacent counties containing at least one city of fifty thousand inhabitants or more.

Question 6

nonmetropolitan counties

Answer 6

are those counties that lie outside a standard metropolitan area and do not include a city of fifty thousand or more inhabitants.

Question 7

persistently poor counties

Answer 7

are those whose per capita family income was in the lowest 20 percent in 1950, 1959, 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999, 2004, and 2009.

Question 8

Rapid growth

Answer 8

applies to rural counties that experienced population increases greater than the national average.

Question 9

rural and remote

Answer 9

applies to counties that are not adjacent to urban areas and have no town of substantial size.

Question 10

natural capital

Answer 10

includes the air, water, soil, wildlife, vegetation, landscape, and weather that surround us and provide both possibilities for and limits to community sustainability. Influences and is influenced by human activities. It forms the basis of all the other capitals.

Question 11

cultural capital

Answer 11

determines a group’s worldview, how it sees the world, how the seen is connected to the unseen, what is taken for granted, what is valued, and what things a group thinks are possible to change.

Question 12

Human capital

Answer 12

is the capabilites and potential of individuals
determined by the intersection of nature (genetics) and nurture (social interactions and the environment). Includes education, skills, health, and self esteem.

Question 13

Social capital

Answer 13

involves mutual trust, reciprocity, groups, collective identity, working together, and a sense of shared future.

Question 14

bonding social capital

Answer 14

consists of interactions within a specific group or community.

Question 15

bridging social capital

Answer 15

consists of interactions among social groups.

Question 16

Political capital

Answer 16

is the ability of a community or group to turn its norms and values into standards, which are then translated into rules and regulations that determine the distribution of resources. political capital is also mobilized to ensure that those rules, regulations, and resource distributions are (or are not) enforced.

Question 17

Financial capital

Answer 17

includes savings, income generation, fees, loans and credit, gifts and philanthropy, taxes, and tax exemptions. Financial capital is much more mobile than the other capitals and tends to be privileged because it is easy to measure. Community financial capital can be assessed by changes in poverty, firm efficiency, diversity of firms, and local people’s increased assets.

Question 18

Built capital

Answer 18

is human constructed infrastructure. includes information technologies, chemicals, bridges, railroads, oil pipelines, factories, day care centers, and wind farms.