Community and palliative care Flashcards
What is major trauma?
Serious and often multiple injuries where there is a strong possibility of morbidity and mortality
Why is trauma important?
4th leading cause of death in the west, Leading cause of death in first four decades. economically important population
What is the trauma system in UK?
Major trauma centers where some see adults and children others only a few
What is acronym for assessment in major trauma/
CABCDE
Control catastrophic haemorrhage
Airway with C-spine protection
Breathing with ventilation
Cirulation with haemorrhage conrol
Disability Neuro status
Exposure and environment
What are key areas of trauma assessment?
Preparation Triage, Primary survey, Resusitation, Scanning and definitive care
What is the key part to preparing for major trauma about the patient?
What is the mechanism of injury
What kind of injuries are found in RTC?
Cervical spine injuries, Bulunt thoracic cardiac injury, Hollow viscus perforation solid organ injury Pelive acetabler femur injuries
What injuries are more common inmotorcycling/
Pelvic injuries but also anything
What injuries do you get in a fall from height?
amlost anything
What kind of injuries can you get from assault?
Head injuries and stamps to abdomen or chest stab wounds follow the track
What are the risks with gunshot wounds?
Depends on bullets, depeds on kinetics, Bullet can tumble which causes displacement of tissue
What are common spot major trauma injuries?
Opn fractures motorcross, fighting in football splenic renal injury in rugby.
What are the types of injur found in a blast?
Primary Disrupts gas filled structures
Secondary Impact airborn Debris
Tertiary Transmission of body
Quaternary all other forces
What are priority treatments for major trauma
Stop bleeding prevent hypoxia, prevent acidaemia, avoid traumatic cardiac arrest
How to hand over trauma patient?
A Age
T Time
M Mechanism
I Injuries
S Signs observtions
T treatments
What can be used to treat the Catesrophic haemorrhage/
Clear any clots obscuring bleed, Direct pressure then more pressure indirect pressure tonriquet or haemostatic agents Ceelox
What are some aboslutie indications for intubation?
Inability to protect own airway, inability to maintain adequate oygenation with less invasive measures, inability to maintain normocapnia deteriorating consios level. Significant facial injuries sieszures
What are relative indications for intubation?
Agitatied patients, haemorragic shock with metabolic acidosis, multile paiful injuries, trasfer to another area of hospital
When do you immobilise the c spine/
Risk of injury to there. older patitens, Spodylosis RA, diving into water axial load
What are causes of lifethreatening thoracic injuries?
Airway obstruction/disruption, tensin pneumothorax, open pneumothorax,flail chest, cardiac tamponade. ATOMFC
What is management of pneumothroax?
Needle thoracocentisis 2nd IC mid clavicular line or thoracostomy followed by large bore chest drain.
What is an open pneumothorax?
When wound to chest wall communicating with pleaural cavity. air moves down pressure gradient int peleural space wound seald on expiration
What is flail chest?
When ribs broken in two places in two or more ribs, get paradoxical movement of ribs during respiration
Signs of cardiac tamponade?
Beck’s triad, Hypotension diminished heart sounds distended neck veins, tachycardia
