community

Question 1

how to select the study design?

Answer 1

by starting a good study question

Question 2

how to start with a good study question in the study design?

Answer 2

the study question should be :
1- relevant: significance to the local target
2- novel: meaningful contribution
3- feasible: possible easy
4- simple: avoid all unnecessary complexities

Question 3

what are the different types of study questions?

Answer 3

1- descriptive
2-analytic
3- diagnostic

Question 4

what are the similarities and differences in types of study design?

Answer 4

differences:
- variation in the general theme
- the way how study design samples participants with respect to exposure and outcome
similarities
- all have the same basic principles

Question 5

what is the relation of choice of study design to other aspects of protocol?

Answer 5

• it informs you how will you sample a specific study population
• it informs the most appropriate measurements to create data
• it will point the most appropriate analysis of data to answer the study question

Question 6

what are the categories of study design?

Answer 6

1- case report/ case series 
2- cross-sectional
3- case control
4- cohort 
5- RCT

Question 7

write the type of each category of study design?

Answer 7

1- case report/ case series: descriptive
2- cross-sectional: descriptive and analytic
3- case-control: analytic
4- cohort: descriptive and analytic
5- RCT: diagnostic and analytic

Question 8

which of the following study categories is considered experimental?

Answer 8

RCT experimental = intervention

Question 9

what is the main use of case report/ case series?

Answer 9

for unusual rare cases (unusual pneumonia in men => HIV) descriptive
only description for what the cases look like

Question 10

other uses of case report/ case series?

Answer 10

1- characteristic of the disease and individual related to the disease or condition
2- descriptive only
3- compare what is expected or normal

Question 11

what are the main characteristics of cross-sectional study?

Answer 11

1- measure the prevalence of a disease
2- disease and risk factor at the same time
3- patient not followed by the time it is only snapshotted in time
4- one group or more
5- calculate odds ratio

Question 12

what are the benefits of cross-sectional study?

Answer 12

1- feasibility
2- can calculate the prevalence
3-5- calculate odds ratio

Question 13

what are the main characteristics of cohort study?

Answer 13

1- mainly prospective rarely retrospective 
2- followed by time 
3- observe the incidence of the disease
4- descriptive and analytic
5- RR

Question 14

what is the strength in cohort?

Answer 14

1- valuable: can calculate rates of new events

2- studying effect rare exposure

Question 15

what is the weakness in cohort?

Answer 15

1- confusing bias
2- take time if prospective
3- many subjects needed for rare outcomes

Question 16

characteristics of case-control?

Answer 16

1- retrospective
2- comparable set of controls
3- calculate odds raio

Question 17

what is the strength in case-control?

Answer 17

1- simple and quick
2- study rare disease (vs cohort)
cases and controls and accessible in health care sittings

Question 18

what is the limitations in case-control?

Answer 18

1- selection bias

2- information bias

Question 19

which of the following study design categories most commonly used in medical research?

Answer 19

RCT

Question 20

what is the difference between cohort study and RCT

Answer 20

exposure is randomly

Question 21

what are the limitations in RCT?

Answer 21

1- complex and take time