Community

Question 1

what is the difference between “governance” and “government”?

Answer 1

Governance is debates in society. Who get what resources etc Can be local as well as a national process. It is about allocating and negotiating resources.

Government is simply social and political policies.

Question 2

What is the nature of an institution?

Answer 2

It can be an organisation, set of rules, set of norms and acceptable ways of behaviour that eventually stick.

Question 3

What were the effects of the national crisis in Zimbabwe on the local level?

Answer 3

• no maintenance on infrastructure. E.g Bores all dried up

-

Question 4

What are J.C. Scotts arguments?

Answer 4

• people are not participating collectively
• they send their children rather than them doing it
• or bitch about the people who made them do the job behind their back
• peasants resisted landowners
• but he says there is always uncooperative members in families. AKA community is a family

Question 5

Tell me the history of Zimbabwe.

Answer 5

Under British South Africa Company until 1923
1923 + white settlers had ‘responsibly self-government’ status
1960- Whites refused independence
1970- War against RF (backed by SA and Portuguese) won by ZANU and ZAPU.
1980- Independence. ZANU (PF) win elections under Robert Mugabi
1987- Unity Accords between ZANU and ZAPU.

1980s- Best healthcare and education. Development faster in rural than urban. Half the infant mortality rate due to birth control. Women benefited them most.

Economical growth- 4% per year. Exports to Southern Africa (SADC) but most indicators fell. Life expectancy, HDI, but schooling headstrong

Late 90s-1997- Government under pressure by guerrilla veterans demanding pensions = BANKRUPTCY.
SAPs- reduction of government control = unemployment.
HIV endemic.
Political opposition to Mugabi. MDC (Movement of Democratic Change)

2000- Mugabi took land from White land owners and gave it to war veterans. Before there was gradual land reform
No exports
Only FDAid allowed
Political oppression. Accused of vote rigging.

2008- MDC win. Mugabi refuses to accept
International brokerage involving SADC and S’s Thabo Mbeki.
2009- Agreed on government of national unity (GNU). But subsequently allowed no meaningful power for MDC.

Zimbabwe abandons their currency for UDS$ = highest inflation ever in world history!!! but civil servants being paid.
= all savings wiped out!!!!
Any progress depends on re-incorporation into global financial circuit.
Donar agencies not funding Zimbabwe.
Poor sanitation + water = Cholera outbreak!