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U6-Cold War Test > Communism Spreads in East Asia (30.3) > Flashcards

Communism Spreads in East Asia (30.3) Flashcards

1
Q

What made advances in the 1940s and where?

A

Communism made advancement in East Asia.

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2
Q

Where did they have a victory in 1949?

A

China

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3
Q

How much of the worlds people did they gain control of

A

1/5

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4
Q

What did Chinese Communists gain control of after WW2?

A

Northern China

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5
Q

Who fought who in the Chinese Civil war?

A

Communist Forces led by Mao Zedong fought against Jiang Jieshi and his nationalists

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6
Q

Battles rage, until what happened? What was set up because of this?

A

Mao’s forces swept to victory and set up the People’s Republic of China.

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7
Q

Where did the defeated nationalists flee to?

A

Taiwan

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8
Q

What were the reasons that the communist won in china?

A

-Won support with peasant population
-Suffered brutal landlords and crushing taxes pre communism
-Com gave peasants land and ended oppressive landlords
-Nationalists lost popularity because their policies had led to economic hardship
-People resented corruption and support from west

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9
Q

What did people hope communism would do?

A

Build a new China and end foreign domination

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10
Q

What did wide-spread support do for the Communists?

A

Helped them capture railroads and Nationalistic held cities

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11
Q

Where did the communists conquer in 1950?

A

Tibet

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12
Q

Who was forced to flee in 1959?

A

Tibets revered religious leader Dalai Lama

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13
Q

What did Mao build?

A

A communist one party totalitarian state

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14
Q

What did the ideology guide?

A

The communist ideology guided government efforts to reshape economy and society

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15
Q

What did communism discourage?

A

Discouraged buddhism, confucianism, and other traditional chinese beliefs

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16
Q

What did the government seize? (China)

A

They seized property of rural land lords and urban business owners in china

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17
Q

What were opponents of communism called?

A

Counterrevolutionaries

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18
Q

What class did these people belong to and what were they accused of/what happened to these people?

A

These people were a part of the middle class. They were accused of counterrevolutionary beliefs so they were either beaten, sent to labor camps or killed.

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19
Q

With Soviet help, what did the Chinese build?

A

Built dams and factories

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20
Q

What did Mao first do for the peasants? What did he soon call for?

A

He first distributed the land to peasants, but soon he called for collectivization in increase productivity

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21
Q

What did Mao do in attempt to make agriculture more efficient?

A

created communes which brough together several villages, thousands of acres and it was like a set-up backyard

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22
Q

What did the Great Leap Forward prove to be?

A

A fail

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23
Q

What did the backyard industries turn out to have?

A

Low quality useless goods

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24
Q

What did the commune system do?

A

Cut food output leading to neglect of farmland + food shortages

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25
Q

What else caused problems leading to a famine?

A

Bad weather

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26
Q

How many died between 1959-1961?

A

55 million chinese starved to death

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27
Q

How did China recover from Great Leap?

A

Reduced communes+made a more practical approach to economy

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28
Q

In 1966 what did Mao launch? What was the goal?

A

Cultural Revolution. The goal was to purge china of bourgeois tendencies

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29
Q

What did Mao urge young chinese to experience?

A

Experience Revolution first hand

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30
Q

In response what did the teenagers form? What book did they go off of? Who did they attack?

A

Red Guards. They waved copies of the little red book and attacked the middle class.

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31
Q

What happened to the accused?

A

The accused were either publicly humiliated, beaten, or killed

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32
Q

What happened to skilled workers and managers?

A

They were forced to leave there jobs and do manual labor on farms or in labor camps

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33
Q

What was closed? What was slowed? and what was threatened?

A

Schools and Factories closed, economy slowed and civil war was threatened.

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34
Q

What did Mao do to restore order?
two words

A

Sent military

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35
Q

In 1949, what triumph seemed like a gain for USSR?

A

Triumph of China

36
Q

What had the number of people under communist rule done?

A

Tripled

37
Q

What did China’s role in the Cold War prove to be?

A

Proved to be more complex than a simple expansion of communist power

38
Q

In 1950s who were uneasy allies?

A

USSR and People’s Republic of China

39
Q

What did Stalin send to China and why? What created tensions?

A

Sent economic aid and tech experts to help China modernize. Distrust started to create tension

40
Q

Where did these tensions date back to?
(USSR and China)

A

Dated back to territorial disputed between tsarist Russia and dynastic China

41
Q

By 1960 what happened to lead Stalin to withdraw aid+advisors?

A

border clashes and disputes with ideology

42
Q

How were chinese relations with America?

A

Even more complex

43
Q

What happened after Jiang Jieshi fled to Taiwan?

A

The US supported the Nationalist government as rightful representatives

44
Q

What did Washington refuse? What did American Leaders see China as?

A

Refused diplomatic recognition of the mainland of the Peoples’s Republic of China which American leaders saw as a communist threat to all of Asia

45
Q

As the cold war dragged on, what did the US take a second to look at?

A

Peoples’s Republic of China

46
Q

From the American point of view, what was there to improve relations with China after USSR split?

A

Strategic Advantages

47
Q

What did the US play?

A

Played the china card so the US could isolate USSR between NATO and in the west and hostile China in the east

48
Q

What did the US allow regarding the united nations in 1971?

A

Allowed China to replace Taiwan in united nations

49
Q

In 1972 what did Nixon do?

A

Visited Mao in Beijing

50
Q

In 1979 what did the US formally set up

A

Formally set up formal diplomatic relations with China

51
Q

What did Jiang Jieshi’s government continue to do regarding Taiwan?

A

Continued to rule Taiwan under martial law as a one-party dictatorship

52
Q

What did Taiwan end and allow in the late 1980s?

A

It ended martial law and allowed opposition in parties

53
Q

What did mainland China see Taiwan as? Why?

A

Saw Taiwan as a breakaway province and threatened military action when Taiwanese politicians proposed declaring the island formal independence

54
Q

In the long term, what did the mainland gov insist on? did the gov resist?
(taiwan and china)

A

They insisted Taiwan rejoin China. However, Taiwan resisted

55
Q

What did Korea occupy?

A

Occupied peninsula on China’s northeastern border

56
Q

Just like East and West Germany, what was Korea?

A

Split into 2 rival forces

57
Q

Where did the two sides of Korea find themselves?

A

Found themselves on opposite sides of the Cold War

58
Q

Korea was an independent kingdom until what?

A

Until Japan conquered it in the early twentieth century

59
Q

What happened after Japan was defeated in WW2?

A

USSR+US agreed to divide Korea temporarily (along the 38th parallel)

60
Q

Which part of Korea was allied with USSR? What about the USA?

A

South Korea-USA
North Korea-USSR

61
Q

What did both rulers want?
(korea)

A

Both South Korean and North Korean leaders wanted to rule Korea.

62
Q

What did Kim II Sung call for in 1950?

A

Called for heroic struggle to reunite Korea

63
Q

What did Northern Korean troops do?
(what did they attack what did they overrun)

A

Attacked in June and overran most of South KOREA

64
Q

What did the United Nations do in response?
(with korea)

A

They condemned the invasion and the US organized a united nations force to help South Korea

65
Q

What was the UN force made up of?

A

Made up of Americans and South Koreans

66
Q

Although US troops arrived in July what had the North Korean troops already done?

A

They already continued to advance till UN forces stopped them at Pusan Perimeter

67
Q

What happened in September 1950
(Who landed where)

A

UN troops landed on a beach in Inch’on (South Korea) behind enemy lines

68
Q

What did US-led troops capture and what did they cut off?

A

Captured Korea’s north and south railroad lines and cut off North Korean troops from food and ammunition

69
Q

What happened to the North Korean Forces in the south?

A

They surrendered by November and the United Nations had advanced north to the Yulu River

70
Q

What had the success of the US-led troops done to China?

A

Alarmed them

71
Q

What happened in late November?
(Mao + North Korea)

A

Mao sent hundreds of troops to help North Korea. They forced UN to the south of 38th paraell

72
Q

What was this war called and what did it turn into?

A

Stalemate, and then in 1953 and an armistice was signed (no peace treaty)

73
Q

What did North Korea and South Korea do after armistice

A

Developed separately

74
Q

What kind of economy did North Korea have? What about South Korea?

A

North Korea had a communist command and South Korea had a capitalist market economy

75
Q

What was the status of each of the Koreas?

A

South Korea had an economic boom and was raising standards of life while North Korea went through economic stagnation and decline

76
Q

What did the US give to South Korea? What did the USSR do for North Korea?

A

US gave them economic and military aid while the USSR helped North Korea

77
Q

What did the government look like in the South vs the North?

A

South Korea was governed by dictators and military leader during cold war while North Korea was ruled by a single dictator.

78
Q

Did South Korea and North Korea ever reunite?

A

NO-They stayed divided

79
Q

After the war, what did South Korea slowly start to do? What happened in the 1960s?

A

SK slowly started to rebuild its economy and in the mid-1960s the economy had lept ahead.

80
Q

After decades of dictatorship and military rule, what happened?

A

Middle-class and Student protests forced gov to hold direct elections in 1987 and they transitioned to democracy

81
Q

What did South Koreans want to see during the cold war? Why?

A

Wanted to see Korea reunite (as did many in North Korea) because they shared traditional values

82
Q

Under North Korean leader Kim II Sung what did the commando eco do?

A

Increases Output for a time. but in the late 1960s the eco slowed

83
Q

What did Kim’s insistence on self-reliance do?

A

Kept North Korea poor and isolated

84
Q

What did they build around Kim II Sung?

A

Built a cult around him who was glorified as a great leader.

85
Q

What did USSR and China undergo? What did North Korea hang to?

A

They underwent economic reforms while North Korea hung onto communism.

U6-Cold War Test (4 decks)

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