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World History > Communism In Russia And China > Flashcards

Communism In Russia And China Flashcards

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1
Q

Bloody Sunday (who, where, why, wat happened?)

A
  • 2,000 workers and families
  • Czars palace in Petrograd
  • Asked for
    • Better working conditions
    • More freedom
    • National legislature
  • Soldiers ordered to fire into crowd
  • Sparked strikes - Czar Nicolas forced to make reforms - Allowed Duma to meet
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2
Q

What happened during the March Revolution?

A
  • Angry women textile workers protested in Petrograd
  • Wanted the autocracy to end and were angry about the war
  • People wanted food and fuel - Riots began happening
  • Soldiers ordered to shoot into crowd - Obeyed but later joined the rioters
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3
Q

What were Soviets

A

LOcal councils consisting of workers, peasants, and soldiers - Often had more power than a government

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4
Q

Who snuck Lenin back into Rusia? Why?

A
  • Germans

- Wanted him to lead a revolution and hurt the Russian war effort against Germany

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5
Q

What was Lenin’s slogan

A

“Peace, land, and bread”

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6
Q

What happened to the provisional government in Russia?

A
  • Factory workers seized the winter palace in Petrograd
  • Arrested leaders and officials of the provisional government and took over offices
  • Called themselves the Bolshevick Red Guards - Provisional government ended
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7
Q

Who made up the white army?

A
  • Supporters of the idea of the Czar ruling
  • People who wanted a democracy
  • Those who identified as socialists
    ANYONE WHO DID NOT AGREE WITH LENIN
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8
Q

What was the New Economic Policy and what did it accomplish?

A
  • NEP = Lenin’s smaller version of capitalism
  • Allowed peasants to sell their crops instead of giving it to the government
  • Allowed government to remain in control of big industries, media, and banks
  • Allowed for small factories, businesses, and farms to work under private ownership
  • Encouraged foreign investment
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9
Q

Who fought in the Russian civil war? Who won?

A
  • White army vs. Red army

- Red army won

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10
Q

What was the great Purge?

A
  • Stalin elimination of anyone who threatened his power
  • Many former Bolshevicks executed, put on trial, or sent to labor camps for “crimes against the Soviet State”
  • Stalin received total control of Russia
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11
Q

Command economy

A

System in which the government makes all the economic decisions

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12
Q

What happened during Stalins five-year plan?

A
  • Set out to develop the soviet unions economy
  • Created complex goals to develop the output of electricity, oil, coal, and steel
  • Severely decreased in creation of consumer goods. Citizens faced shortages of necessities and essential products and goods
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13
Q

Who opposed Stalins ways of ruling

A

Kulaks

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14
Q

Why did peasants support communism? Why did their military win?

A
  • Communists listened to their needs, and promised land reform for peasants
  • Motivated them to fight - Gave them something to look forward to so they fought w passion
  • Mao trained them in literacy so they could work, and in guerrilla warfare
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15
Q

Where did the nationalists flee to

A

Taiwan

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16
Q

Who supported Chinas communists?

A

Soviets

17
Q

What was the Great Leap Forward

A
  • Zedongs idea of adding to the success of the five year plan - Modernizing China
  • Created communes (peasants shared everything, could own nothing, and had little to no privacy)
  • Led to peasants unmotivated to work - Not gaining anything from their hard labor
  • 1961 communes removed because of the crop failure (bad weather that resulted in 20 million deaths
18
Q

Who were the Chinese Red guards? What did they do?

A
  • Young people devoted to Mao and the cultural revolution
  • Would kill intellectuals, teachers, and those who opposed or disobeyed Mao
  • Mao turned against them and ordered army to go after them
  • Many were killed, arrested, executed, and exiled
19
Q

What happened during the Cultural Revolution?

A
  • Revolt to create a society where both workers and peasants were seen as equals
  • Led by Red Guards
  • Took place throughout China
  • Led riots, shut down schools and colleges, and forced many workers to labor for “purification”
20
Q

What party did the Chinese nationalists overthrow?

A

Qing party

21
Q

Who was the Kuomintang first leader

A

Sun Yixian

22
Q

What was Suns three promises to the people of China?

A
  • Democracy
  • Economic Security
  • Nationalism
23
Q

What was the May 4th movement

A
  • Treaty of Versailles was signed - 3,000 angry students protested in the center of Beijing
  • Japan gained (former German) territory in China, instead of it being issued back to China
  • Wanted to modernize their society but nationalists did not have the power - turned away from democratic ideas and took interest in Soviet communism
24
Q

Who was the leader of the communist party?

A

Mao Zedong

25
Q

Why did Sun form and alliance with the communist party?

A
  • Nationalist party was having trouble gaining supporters

- Wanted to unify all revolutionary groups for a common goal and action

26
Q

WHo was the common enemy of nationalists and communists

A

Warlords

27
Q

What was the Shanghai massacre?

A
  • Nationalists and armed troops went into Shanghai, killing multiple communist leaders and members of the trade union in the streets
28
Q

What was the Long March?

A
  • Jiang (Nationalist) and his 700,000 men army surrounded the communist mountain stronghold
  • 100,00 communists escaped, embarking on a 6,000 mile long journey
  • The 7 - 8 thousand communist survivors settled in northwestern china and gained new followers
  • War continued until Japan invaded China - civil war put on hold
29
Q

Compare and contrast how communism was implemented in Russia and China

A

Similarities

  • Leaders: Mao and Stalin both..
    • Used a 5 year plan
    • Wanted to modernize China
    • hated criticism (hundred flowers vs. the great purge)
    • Had common goals: Both goal-oriented
  • People that suffered: Kids, religious, and peasants
    • Indoctrination (Chinas daycare vs. government controlled education)
    • Ran Dalai out of Tibet to India - No Buddhism (China) vs. (Soviet Union) No religion allowed - Atheist only
    • Peasants forced to live and work on collective farms and communes - famine
    • Had to place the blame on someone else

Differences:

  • Collectivization:
    • China took it cone step further - created communes in order to keep building off of the success of the five year plan
    • Mao had higher standards
  • Reforms:
    • Czar Nicholas made Duma after Bloody Sunday vs. China: Mao killed those who opposed him after the hundred flowers campaign
    • People afraid of government vs. government afraid of people
30
Q

Compare and contrast why communism in Russia and China started

A
  • Similarities:
  • Both invaded during chaotic times by Japan
    • Russo-Japanese war in Soviet Union - Japan invaded Port Anther Manchuria (Fighting for Korea and Manchuria)- Russia broke agreement and lost the war
    • Japan invaded Manchuria in the middle of China’s civil war - Had to halt civil war for the time being
    • Both countries preoccupied with other wars going on
  • Revolutions:
    • Thousand flowers campaign: Mao gave people oppertunty to criticize - Killed all of those who did
    • Great Purge: Stalin eliminated all communists who threatened his power - old Bolsheviks killed because they committed “Crimes against the Soviet state” - Would execute, or send them to labor camps
    • Likeminded leaders - Brought up in strict cultures
  • Differences:
  • Government:
    • Kuomintang overthrew Qing dynasty and wanted democracy
    • Soviet Union ridded of autocracy - Temporarily had a provisional government- Failed - Bolsheviks overthrew it and wanted capitalism
    • Both of them stuck to similar way of rulings - Felt it was natural way of life and society
  • Those who opposed them (suffering):
    • Soviet Union: Killed by secret spies and police - could not speak up
    • Upheaval between nationalists and communists speaking out and fighting for what they wanted - After Mao was leader the majority were pleased with the communist ruling - Didn’t want democracy because the nationalists gave it a bad rep
    • Matter of who wanted to meet the people’s demands
31
Q

Czar Alexandar

A
  • Autocracy
  • No reforms
  • Russian Orthodox Church member - if not you are considered a suspect
  • Used secret police and spies (search for radicals)
  • Nationalistic - Felt all Russia should have the same culture
  • Allowed pogroms
32
Q

Czar Nicholas

A
  • Began industrialization
    • 4th leading producer in steel
  • British + French = Trans Siberian railway
  • Awful working conditions - wouldnt listen to his people - radical groups like Bolsheviks formed to make reforms
  • Led Russo-Japanese war - huge failure
  • Generals ordered military to shoot on Bloody Sunday
    • Agreed to some reforms after that - Allowed Duma for 10 weeks
  • Entered Russia into WWI
    • Suffered - no food
    • Forced to step down as last czar after the march revolution, but his whole family was murdered
33
Q

What event made Cza Nicholas step down

A

March Revolution

34
Q

What forced Czar Nicholas to allow the Duma to meet

A

Bloody Sunday

35
Q

Vladimir Lenin

A
  • Led Bolsheviks
  • “Peace, land, and bread”
  • Led Bolshevik revolution - replaced temporary gov’t
  • Redistributed the farm land to farmers - gave control of factories to workers
  • Signed treaty of Breast- Litovski with Germany
  • Led red army in civil war against white army
  • NEP - some private businesses and brought a slow recovery to Russia
  • RENAMED RUSSIA
  • Bolsheviks renamed communist party

World History (2 decks)

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