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Communications > Communications Final > Flashcards

Communications Final Flashcards

1
Q

People subconsciously respond to flashed messages - especially if they are negative. Briefly displaying words and images so quickly that people do not even consciously notice, does nevertheless change their thinking

A

Effectiveness of Subliminal Advertising

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2
Q

Thoughts and beliefs about an attitude object
Example: land-grant school

A

Cognitive Components of Attitudes

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3
Q

Emotional reactions and feelings towards an attitude object
Example: fell satisfied or happy with school

A

Affective Components of Attitudes

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4
Q

Behavior or actions towards an attitude object
Example: attend ISU

A

Behavioral Components of Attitudes

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5
Q
  • Based on the presence of a perceived relationship between a source and receiver
  • Occurs when source possesses attractiveness
    -“By agreeing, I will be more like him or her.”
A

Identification as a type of influence

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6
Q

-Utilitarianism: maximize rewards and minimize punishments
- Ego protection: protect self and ego from painful reality
- Value expression: express our individuality
- Knowledge - expressive: guidelines to easy decision making

A

The four functions of attitudes

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7
Q

To relate to your central ideas and structure, supporting materials, and style to audiences’ opinions and background to most successfully get your point across

A

Example of audience adaptation

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8
Q

The idea that the more an argument escalates the more likely a comparison to Hitler/Nazis will made

A

Godwin’s law regarding Hitler/Nazis and online discussions

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9
Q

Person with the most power

A

Expert power

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10
Q
  • People can & do hold attitudes of just about anything
    • Liking for others: attitude about other individuals
    • Self-esteem: attitude about ourselves
    • Prejudice: attitudes toward our own and other groups
  • Affective: emotional reactions and feelings
  • Behavioral: behaviors/actions taken
  • Cognitive: thoughts and beliefs
A

Reasons to study attitudes

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11
Q

A claim maintaining that a course of action should or should not be taken

A

Claim of policy

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12
Q

A claim maintaining that something is good or bad, beneficial or detrimental, or another evaluate criterion

A

Claim of value

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13
Q

A claim maintaining that something is true or false

A

Claim of fact

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14
Q

A claim maintaining that something will be true or face in the future

A

Claim of conjecture

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15
Q
  • Involves in one-way communication between a source
  • Involves a two-way exchange of information
A

Intercultural vs Mass communication

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16
Q

Surveillance, Correlation, Cultural Transmission, Entertainment

A

Functions of Media

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17
Q

Communication in which timing is out of sync; there is a time delay between when you send a message and when it is received.

A

Asynchronous communication

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18
Q

Idea that long-term immersion in a media environment leads to “cultivation” or enculturation, into shared beliefs about the world

A

Cultivation Theory

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19
Q

The view that the world is a much more dangerous place than it actually is

A

Mean World Phenomenon

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20
Q
  • Model that predicts that media will have swift and potent influence
  • Passive recipients, media creates wants and needs, media gives us values to live by
A

Power Effects Model

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21
Q

People’s tendency to avoid certain messages and to see out others

A

Selective Exposure

22
Q

We may only listen to parts of a message

A

Selective Attention

23
Q

Assigning meaning to messages in selective ways

A

Selective Perception

24
Q

Select the issues they feel are most worthy of coverage and give those issues wide attention

A

Purpose of Media Gatekeepers

25
Q
  • Education and socialization
  • Media informs receivers about events and socialize receivers by observing what characters do in television dramas
  • We internalize behavioral norms by viewing films
  • We learn about our cultures history by reading magazines we confront questions of values
A

Example of cultural transmission by the media

26
Q

Marshall Mcluhan - expressing beliefs that the channel through which a message is transmitted is important as the message itself and that the channel often determines which message will be transmitted and which will be ignored.

A

Importance of the phrase “the medium is the message”

27
Q

The center of the things in the network analysis, the first person that others go to for information

A

Opinion leaders in consumer behavior

28
Q
  • Level used to describe digital information and telecommunication
  • Systems - networked computing social media and mobile telecommunication texting
A

Examples of new media and old media

29
Q

Use of two or more media systems simultaneously

A

Concurrent media use

30
Q

Type of communication through which individuals make themselves known to other people and when others reciprocate by sharing personal information, leads to another relational development and increased intimacy

A

Self-disclosure in social media (vs. face-to-face interactions)

31
Q

Typically involves changing plans once person has already set out for the encounter

A

Examples of micro coordinating interaction via smartphones

32
Q

A culture that places a great deal of emphasis on the total environment (context) where speech and interaction take place, especially on the relationships between the speakers rather than just on what they say

A

High-context cultures

33
Q

Assumes that the message itself means everything, and it is much more important to have a well-structured argument or a well-delivered presentation than it is to be a member of the royal family or a cousin of the person listening

A

Low-context culture

34
Q

Believing that the way one’s culture does things is the right and normal way to do them

A

Ethnocentric bias

35
Q
  • Learned
  • Shared
  • Multifaceted
  • Dynamic
  • Overlapping
A

Characteristics of Culture

36
Q

Strict instructions given without any discussion from followers - best for mindless tasks or stressful situations

A

Characteristics of Authoritarians

37
Q
  • Individual rights take center stage
  • Independence is highly valued
  • Being independent upon others is often considered shameful or embarrassing
  • People tend to be self-reliant
  • Ex. United States
A

Characteristics of Individualistic Cultures

38
Q

People are considered “good” if they are generous, helpful, dependable, and attentive to the needs of others.
Ex. Japan, China

A

Characteristics of Collectivistic Cultures

39
Q

A culture that views time as a finite and tangible community

A

Monochromic cultures

40
Q

Smaller groups of culture within a larger cultural mass

A

Co-cultures

41
Q

A sense of belonging to an original and a new culture at the same time

A

Intercultural identity

42
Q

Interpreting negative behavior as internal rather than external

A

Fundamental Attribution Bias

43
Q

Intercultural encounters are a commonplace now with advances in telecommunication and transportation technology - changed our sense of distance of places

A

“Global Village”

44
Q

Strict instructions given without any discussion from followers - best for mindless tasks or stressful situations

A

Characteristics of authoritarians

45
Q
  • Impressions of the traits and characteristics of members of a group or category
  • Predict of culture
  • Result from deep personal needs
  • Ordinary cognitive processes
A

Purpose of stereotypes

46
Q

Dismissing information that doesn’t fit a negative stereotype

A

Discounting as cognitive biases

47
Q

Looking for differences and ignoring similarities

A

Polarization as cognitive biases

48
Q
  • Prejudice: feelings towards individuals because of their group membership
  • Stereotype: impressions of the traits and characteristics of members of a group category
  • Discrimination: behavior towards individuals because of their groups category membership
A

Types of intergroup bias

49
Q
  • Lead to negative behaviors
  • Held by groups or people in power
  • Held despite contradictory evidence
A

When is bias considered a problem

50
Q

People stereotype more during the “wrong” time of day

A

Results of Biorhythms study

Communications (1 decks)

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