COMMUNICATIONS AND SIGNAL SYSTEMS, HVAC, TRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS, DISASTER PREVENTION AND PROTECTION, ACOUSTICS AND LIGHTING Flashcards
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL SYSTEMS
Fire, smoke and intruder detection and alarm systems In general, all signal systems require a surveillance system to process information including transmitting it and a means of indicating the signal, either audibly, visually or permanently on “hard copy”.
- Surveillance and Signal Equipment
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL SYSTEMS
telephone, intercom, public TV and closed circuit television (CCTV)
- Audio and Visual Communication Equipment
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL SYSTEMS
clock and program equipment.
- Time Equipment
PARTS OF THE COMMUNICATION AND SIGNAL SYSTEMS
- Detectors
- Control Unit or Panel
- Alarm Devices
- Wiring or Circuitry
TYPES OF FIRE ALARM SYSTEMS
- Automatic System — uses detectors to trigger the alarm system.
- Manual System — uses visual detection and the alarm is triggered by hand. (non coded and coded stations)
four types of detectors:
- Temperature Detector - the most common is the Temperature Detector called the “thermostat (Fixed temperature and rate of rise unit)
- Photoelectric Detector — These detectors react to the obscuration of a light beam by smoke.
- Ionization Detector — These detectors operate by detecting ionized particles in the air. They do not detect fires producing heavy smoke but few particles such as alcohol and plastic fires.
- Flame Detectors — These detectors are of two types; the Infrared (IR) and Ultraviolet (I-IV) Detectors. Applications are generally industrial and are highly sensitive.
the function of the control panel is to energize the audible devices (bells, buzzers, gongs) upon receipt of a signal from the detector. Other functions include shut-off of oil and gas lines, shut off of attic fans to prevent fire spread, and turning off of lights.
CONTROL UNIT or PANEL
The typical control functions in the Fire Alarm Panel are:
- Non-Coded Systems — These are continuous ringing evacuation type alam devices, manual or automatic, which can be zoned and identifiable by means of an annunciator.
- Master Coded Systems — This system is also called the common coded or fixed coded system and generates 4 rounds of code. When the code is set to ring the bells at 108 strokes per minute, the alarm is known a “march time” because of the rhythmic cadence. This alarm best applies in the rapid evacuation of a building and is frequently used in schools.
- Zone Coded Systems — Manual stations are grouped by circuit into zones which transmits to the panel and ring the zone’s code on the single stroke gong or chimes, thus immediately identifying the station.
- Dual Coded Systems — This system is a combination of the non-coded and the zone coded systems. When an alarm device operates, it initiates two different functions — an identifying coded alarm located in the maintenance office and a continuous ringing evacuation alarm for the whole building.
- Selective Coded Systems — This is a fully coded system in which all manual devices are coded and all automatic devices are arranged to trip code transmitters at the panel.
- Pre-signal System — When it is desired to alert only key personnel, a system called pre-signaling is used, where it is also selectively coded. The personnel can immediately investigate and turn on the general alarm manually.
usually audible such as, bells, buzzers, gongs and homs. Most common is the a-c vibrating bell and a weatherproof external bell to alert neighbors and passersby.
ALARM DEVICES
A system which is usually de-energized and functions only when activated is called an open circuit system.
CIRCUIT DESIGN
Intrusion detection is similar to the fire detection system, except that instead of thermal detection, devices such as metallic tape and micro- and magnetic- switches are used to detect door and window motion and glass breakage.
INTRUSION (BURGLAR) ALARM SYSTEM
Water flow switches are installed to monitor the flow of water in a sprinkler head and when triggered will trip a coded transmitter, setting off a sprinkler code to show up on a sprinkler annunciator board (called a sprinkler alarm panel).
SPRINKLER ALARM
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM
These cover electrified security door hardware that triggers an alarm when a door is opened without auth0Eization, such as, in exterior doors and doors to restricted areas.
Door and Exit Controls
INDUSTRIAL BUILDING SECURITY SYSTEM -
by use of a card reader.
Personnel Entry Control
The system functions by amplifying the signal received by the TV antenna and by means of a special cable, distribute these amplified signals into the various wall outlets.
TELEVISION ANTENNA SYSTEM
SOUND AMPLIFYING SYSTEMS OR PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS Consists of the following:
- Microphone — to pick up the sound and convert it to an alternative electric current.
- Amplifiers — amplifies and controls the current.
- Loudspeaker — converts amplified electric current back into sound much louder than the original sound entering the microphone.
ELEMENTS OF THE TELEPHONE INSTALLATION
the service connection from a pole or other outside terminal location to a point of entrance into the building.
- Service Entrance
ELEMENTS OF THE TELEPHONE INSTALLATION
generally required in residential telephone lines to protect against lightning.
- Protector
ELEMENTS OF THE TELEPHONE INSTALLATION
The serviced wires end at the main terminal cabinet.
- Main Terminal Cabinet or Room
are used in medium sized installations and consist of a series of metal cabinets called splicing cabinets aligned vertically through the building, one on each floor and connected by a vertical conduit.
a) Riser Conduits
are required for very large installations and consist of a series of individual full length interconnecting closets called splicing closets which are aligned vertically one on each floor and each fitted with a fire proof access door.
b) Riser Shafts
permit the riser cables in the riser shaft or conduit to be spliced or interconnected to the cables or telephone wires to the various floors.
- Splicing Cabinets or Splicing Closets
connects the splicing closets or cabinets into the distribution terminal cabinets and to floor ducts, wall outlets, etc..
- Floor Conduits
TYPES OF TELEPHONE SYSTEM
- Common Talking Selective Ringing System
- Selective Ringing Selective Talking System (Manual and Dial system *automatic)
a physical transmission medium that has a central conductor of wire or fiber surrounded by a plastic jacket.
CABLE
a type of network cable that uses a central glass or plastic core surrounded by a plastic coating.
FIBER OPTIC
is a number of computers connected to each other in a single location, usually a single floor of a building or all the computers in a small company.
LAN — Local area network —
VOIP
Voice over internet protocol
is the simultaneous control ofthe temperature, humidity, motion and purity of the air in a confined space.
AIR-CONDITIONING
FUNCTIONS OR ELEMENTS OF AIR-CONDITIONING
- Cooling and de-humidifying of air
- Heating or humidifying of air
- Cleaning of air or filtration
- Circulation of air
AIR-CONDITIONING STANDARDS
for summer cooling, temperatures of 76 deg to 80 deg F and 50% relative humidity are a frequent design average.
- Cooling and De-humidifying
AIR-CONDITIONING STANDARDS
for winter cooling, temperatures of 70 deg to 75 deg F and relative humidity of 30% to 35% are found most satisfactory.
- Heating and Humidifying
AIR-CONDITIONING STANDARDS
air velocity should average 15 ft to 25 ft per min measured 36” above the floor.
- Air Motion
Refrigerator
_____ is a gas at normal temperature and pressure. It is first subjected to high pressure in a compressor which raises its boiling point and temperature.
Freon
refrigerant used for cooling.
Freon
A device that reduces the pressure of the liquid refrigerant thereby cooling it before it enters the evap. coil
Expansion Valve
TYPES OF AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS
Central Systems
Split type
Window type
AIR-CONDITIONING EQUIPMENT
Compressors
a) Piston Type or Reciprocating Compressors
b) Centrifugal Compressors
Condensers
a) Air-cooled Condensers
b) Water-cooled Condensers
Evaporators
a) Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
b) Direct Expansion Coils (coils containing the refrigerant itself
COOLING AND DEHUMIDIFYING EQUIPMENT
- Water Sprays
- Cooling Coils
HEATING AND HUMIDIFYING EQUIPMENT
- Tempering Coils
- Water Heaters
AIR CLEANING EQUIPMENT
1. Filters
a) Dry Filters
b) Viscous Filters
c) Water Sprays
d) Eliminator Plates
AIR DISTRIBUTION EQUIPMENT
are usually of galvanized sheet metal, or aluminum sheets, usually rectangular in section, depending on the aspect rati02, although circular ducts are also used for high velocity
Ducts
the ratio of the long side to short side; not to exceed 5:1 although 4 or 3:1 is preferred.
2 Aspect Ratio
