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AS Comp Sci Unit 2 (Not Included In The Other One) > Communications > Flashcards

Communications Flashcards

1
Q

Networking Devices

A

Devices that enable fast data transmission within a network

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2
Q

3 Networking Benefits:

A
  1. File Sharing: Easy to share data between different interconnected devices
  2. Resource Sharing: Use network-connected output devices like printers or share software within a network
  3. Higher Storage: Files can be stored on network connected storage mediums.
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3
Q

What is LAN

A

Local Area Network

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4
Q

What is WAN

A

Wide Area Network

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5
Q

Characteristics of LAN

A

A network that connects devices within a small geographical area, often within the same building.

Only private ownership.

Transmission medium: Twisted Pair Cables , Coaxial Cables or Wi-Fi.

Higher data transfer rate.

Less congestion.

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6
Q

Characteristics of WAN

A

A network that connects devices within a larger geographical area, such as a city, country, or globally.

Private or public ownership.

Transmission medium: PSTN or Satlink.

Lower data transfer rate.

Higher Congestion

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7
Q

Client Server Model

A

Server based network: A dedicated server provides applications for the client computer to utilise

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8
Q

Applications of Client Server Models

A

Printer

File Sharing

Proxy Server

Database Server

(More…)

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9
Q

What are Thin Clients

A

A client that solely runs on the resources provided by the server and has no local storage

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10
Q

What are Think Clients

A

An Independent client that does not require the server to run

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11
Q

3 Other differences between Thin and Thick Clients

A
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12
Q

P2P model: Define and give examples

A

A centralised network where each connected computer stores data and operates independently as a ‘peer’, acting as both client and server

Examples: Internet and Ad hoc networks

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13
Q

Differences between Client Server and P2P

A
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14
Q

Differences between Client Server and P2P

A
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15
Q

4 Types of Topology

A

Bus
Star
Mesh
Hybrid

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16
Q

Wired Network Recap
(Should Know from the other set)

A

2 (3) Types: Copper Wires (Twisted Pair and Coexial Cable), Fibre optic

Cheapest -> Expensive
Twisted Pair, Coexial cable, Fibre Optic

Drawback of Copper Wires: Doesnt perform will with small charges; affected by electromagnets

Advantage of fiber optic: Greater bandwidth, improved security, light

17
Q

Wireless Network Recap
(Again should know from the other set)

A

Electromagnetic Waves
1. Radio Waves
2. Micro Waves
3. Satellies

18
Q

Ethernet.
Where is it commonly used.
How is it managed

A

Common in wired medium for LAN and WAN

Typically in Bus Topology.

Collisions are managed by the CSMA/CD method

19
Q

Describe the Steps of CSMA/CD
Hint: Theres 4

A

Device detects if the channel is busy before transmitting

If busy, the device waits a random time before retrying

During transmission: The device listens for other transmission

If a collision occurs, transmission aborted and (step 1 again) before retrying.

20
Q

Define Bit Streaming

A

Sequence of bits transferred over a communication path at high speeds. Requiring fast broadband connection and buffers

21
Q

2 types of bit streaming: Define and give an example

A

On demand: Pre-existing files are converted and streamed as requested (Youtube)

Real - Time: Live events captured and transmitted directly (Twitch)

22
Q

Why is fast broadband important in bit streaming

A

The user has to download and display bits at the
same time.

Higher quality media requires faster speeds due to larger data frames as well.

Real-time streaming needs higher speeds due to simultaneous data requests coming from multiple different users.

23
Q

Cloud Computing

A

On-demand provision of computing services over the internet, including infrastructure and platform.

24
Q

What is Infrastructure and Platform in Cloud Computing

A

Infrastructure: Storage capacity and higher processing power.

Platform: Software, testing & debugging resources.

25
Q

Public Cloud

A

Access Provided by third party service providers, shared among multiple users.

Managed by cloud service providers using large server farms

26
Q

Private Cloud

A

Owned and maintained by a single organisation, providing exclusive access.

Can be managed internally by the organisation itself or outsourced.

27
Q

Benefits and drawbacks of Cloud Computing

A
28
Q

World Wide Web (WWW).
Description and Function

A

Description: Collection of web pages stored on websites

Function: Protocols are used to transmit data across the WWW

29
Q

Internet
- Description, Protocol, Access and Communication methods

A

Massive, open network of networks

Protocol: Uses TCP/IP Protocol, which uses IP addresses to identify devices connected to the internet.

Access: Provided by ISP
Communication methods: Wired, radio and satellite

30
Q

Router
- Function, Connections, Roles, Setup, IP translation

A

Function: Connects 2 networks together which operate under the same protocol.

Connections: Allows internal connections between LANs or external between LAN and WAN

Other Roles: Acts as a gateway or a firewall

Setup: Usually attached to a server or switch in a LAN

IP translation: Translate public IP to Private IP and vice versa

31
Q

The 8 LAN supporting Hardware

A

Switch
- connect all devices to LAN
Server
- Device that provides specific functions for computers in the network
NIC
- Provide each end-system of a wired LAN with a unique MAC address
WNIC
- Provide each end-system of a wireless LAN with a unique network address
WAP
- Allows devices to connect to LAN via WIFI
Cables
- Wired transmission medium
Bridge
- Connect 2 LANs
Repeater
- Connect 2 cables

32
Q

IPv4

A

32 bit address split into 4 blocks by a “.”

Each block can have a value up to 255 (8 bit block)

33
Q

IPv4 Structure

A

NetID: Identifies the network to the host device connected

HostID: Identifies the host within the network

Classful Addressing: Used for IPv4 where different bit length for identification impose restriction on available addresses

34
Q

IPv6

A

128 bit address divided into 8 blocks of 16 bit

Each block can have 4 hex values from 0000 to FFFF

IPv6 can be shortened by removing at least (≥) 2 blocks containing only zeroes. For example: “2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0070:7334” can be shortened to “2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0070:7334”

35
Q

Public IP address

A

Provided by the ISP
Unique and can be accessed across the internet

36
Q

Private IP address

A

Issued by the LAN’s router
- Unique within LAN and can only be accessed within LAN

NAT (Network Address Translation): Required for private IP addresses to access the internet directly

Private IPs are more secure than public IPs as they are hidden by NAT

Address Range: The range of IP addresses used for private IP addressing can never be assigned to public IP addresses

37
Q

Static VS Dynamic IP Addresses

A

Static: IP never change
Dynamic: IP changes regularly

38
Q

Why use Static IP

A

They are valid when websites need to remember a device for a long time: VPN whitelisting

Faster uploads/downloads

39
Q

Why use Dynamic IP

A

Dynamic IP is reletively more secure

Cost of maintaining the dynamic IP address is lesser

AS Comp Sci Unit 2 (Not Included In The Other One) (1 decks)

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