communication muticult world Flashcards
is the increasing economic, political, and cultural
integration and interdependence of diverse cultures- the world wide
integration of humanity
Globalization
the recognition and valuing of the difference,
encompassing such factors as age, gender, race, ethnicity, ability,
religion, education, marital status, sexual orientation and income.
diversity-
a theorist who predicted many years ago
that our world would become a global village.
Marshall McLuhan-
- At this era, people are linked ____ and _____
around the globe
physically, electronically
has helped erased the notion of territorial
boundaries between countries, gradually eroding the idea of
the term NATION.
digital technology
persons respectful of and engaged with
people from distinctly different cultures.
Multiculturalists-
By emphasizing our differences we fuel potential conflicts. ->
We are better served spending our
time focusing on American values –>
Globalization destroys our cultures
Understanding diversity and engendering
respect for differences can help erase the
tensions globalization creates. –>
Need to spend more time learning about cultures –>
Globalization enriches cultures
Culture
languange/dialect
gesture
religion
Circle of Multicultural Communication
understand – connect — trust — grow
= culture
central to changing behavior, inspiring
action, and connecting with people. This can improve relationships, build dialogue, increase
support and achieve participation.
cultural competency
❑Expand your cultural lens. See the world through
the eyes of your audience.
Understand
❑Review demographic information, including
consumer buying and media consumption habits,
reading levels, educational backgrounds, health
data, and lifestyle decisions. Search for similar
needs, characteristics, and preferences.
Understand
❑Know how ethnic and minority populations perceive
and interact with you and your organization.
Understand
❑Learn the history of the communities that you
serve.
Understand
Connect with people in their everyday
environment.
Connect
Take your message to the streets and the
communities that your organization serves. Engage
community leaders and influencers to help get the
word out.
Connect
Think about media and the ways your audience
receives information.
Connect
Identify effective communication channels that will
best connect.
Connect
Form a positive relationship with people by earning
their trust. Be a good listener. Respect culture and
tradition.
Trust
Know the protocols and nuisances of working with
diverse populations within their community.
Trust
Establish a track record of success by consistently
delivering on your mission and promise.
Trust
Communicate often and stay connected to the
community. Invite participation and be responsive.
Trust
Mutually rewarding relationships grow. They get
stronger over time and result in a win-win for
everyone.
Grow
Successful multicultural communications take
commitment and resources.
Grow
It’s not a one-time deal, but a learning curve that
requires adjustments.
Grow
Organizations that proactively reach out to
multicultural stakeholders will be better positioned
to serve the needs of a diverse population.
Grow
______ your culture, __________ other people’s culture.
Embrace
Understand
Communicators can be judged as _____, _____, _____ when they fail to realize the people fromdifferent cultures and whom they interact with.
insensitive, ignorant or culturally confused
lacking understanding of cultural
difference
culturally confused
affects communication
cultural ignorance
Forms of Multicultural Communication
❖Interracial communication –
❖Interethnic communication-
❖International communication-
❖Intracultural communication –
interactants are of different races
(physical attributes)
Interracial communication
communicating parties have different ethnic (cultural factors – nationality, regional culture, ancestry, etc)
origins
Interethnic communication-
communication between persons representing political structures or nations, communication practice that occurs across international borders
International communication-
includes all forms of communication among members of the same racial or ethnic group or co-culture groups
Intracultural communication –
interaction with individuals from
different cultures
Intercultural communication-
concern with the process of interpreting and sharing meanings with
individuals from different cultures
Intercultural communication-
Reason for studying intercultural communication
Awareness of:
- own culture
- culture identity
- cultural background
- demographic changes
- economic globalization (workplace)
- creative problem solving
- creative and international peace respect
not
- ethnocentrism
tendency to think thst own culture is more superior to other; this lacks cultural flexibility; (experiencing great anxiety when interacting with persons from different cultures)
ethnocentrism
“To effectively communicate,
we must realize that we are
all different in the way that
we perceive the world and
use this understanding as a
guide to our communication
with others”
Anthony Robbins
Iinteraction between members of differenct cultures
intercultural communication
intercultural competence
deliberate attempt to understant a member of a differnet culture
intercultural dialogue
is the system of knowledge, beliefs, values, customs,
behaviors, and artifacts that are acquired, shared and used by its members during the daily living; within a culture as a whole are co-cultures
culture
are composed of members of the same general
culture who differ in some ethnic or sociological way from the parent culture
co-cultures
Co-cultures:
* Philippines – _____
* United States-_______
* Disabled, __________
- Igorots, Ilocanos, Bicolanos (Luzon)
- Native Americans, certain Scandinavian American
groups, Middle Eastern Americans, some Latino groups (especially those of Chilean, Peruvian, and Spanish ancestry), and some Asian American groups (Chinese Americans and Taiwanese Americans). - gays and lesbians, cyberpunks, elderly
group whose members
feel like outsiders;
Marginalized group-
different groups of people
within a given culture, context and history at
risk of being subjected to multiple
discrimination due to interplay of different
personal characteristics or grounds (sex, gender
age ethnicity, religion or belief, health status,
disability, sexual orientation, gender identity
education or income, or living in various
geographic localities
Marginalized group-
being perceived as the
majority of the population and having a
significant presence in institutions relating to
communication, education, artistic expression,
law, government and business
Dominant cultures
Strategies of co-culture members
to join in the dominant culture
- Assimilation
- accomodation
- separation
means by which co-culture members attempt to fit in with members of the dominant culture i.e. they dress as members of the dominant culture dress; give up their own ways in an effort to assume the modes of behavior of the dominant culture
assimilation
– means by which co-culture members maintain their
cultural identity while striving to establish relationships with members of the dominant culture; a gay or lesbian who takes his or her partner to an
occasion in which members of the dominant culture will be present
accomodation
means co-culture members use to resist interacting with members of dominant culture; prefer to interact with each other rather than have a contact with persons they perceive to be outsiders
separation
Preferred strategies and communication approaches of marginalized groups
Separation = _____ = Lunching alone, living in an
area with similar people
Passive
Preferred strategies and communication approaches of marginalized groups
Accommodation = _____= Wearing kippah to work
or sari in a party
Assertive
Preferred strategies and communication approaches of marginalized groups
Assimilation = ______ = , confrontational Staging a protest
Aggressive
_____ is the lens through which we see the world
Culture
the acceptance of other cultural groups as
equal in value to one’s own (trying to understand the behavior of the other groups)
cultural relativism
the view that different cultures should be
assimilated into the dominant culture
Melting-pot philosophy-
adherence to the principle of cultural relativism. They advocate respect for uniqueness, tolerance
for difference and adherence to the principle of cultural relativity
cultural pluralism
We need to open ourselves to differences by adding our storehouse of ___, by learning to cope with ____, and by developing an appreciation of how increasing our ________ will possibly affect our communication competence. Accept the fact that our culture is not superior to others.
knowledge, uncertainty, cultural sensitivity
Exploring Cultural Dialectics
- Individualism versus _________-
- ______ versus Low context
- High power distance versus______
- _____ versus feminine culture
collectivism
High context
low power distance
Masculine
cultures in
which individual goals are stressed;
cultivates individual initiative and
achievement ; “I” (Great Britain, USA,
Canada, France and Germany)
Individualistic cultures-
cultures- group goals are
stressed; tend to nurture group
influences; “We” (Arab, African, Asian
and Latin American)
Collectivistic cultures-
a tradition- bound communication system which depends on indirectness; tradition bound; their cultural traditions
shape the behaviour and lifestyle of group members; over-polite and
indirect in relating others; Asian cultures
High context communication
a system that encourages directness in
communication; exhibit a more direct communication style; tend to gather
background information when meeting someone for the first time (Interview the person they talk to); feel that they have to explain everything rather than rely on non-verbal, contextual information; Western cultures
low-context communication
cultures based on power differences in which subordinates defer to superiors (Arabia, India and Malaysia); view power as a fact of life and are apt to stress its coercive or referent nature.
(superiors and subordinates view each other differently; subordinates quick
to defer to superiors)
High power distance cultures
believe power should be used only when it is legitimate; they are apt to employ expert or legitimate power ( Sweden, Israel and USA)
(Superiors and subordinates emphasize their interdependence – consultation
preference; subordinates will even contradict their bosses when necessary)
Low power distance cultures
value male _______ (Japan, Italy, Germany, Mexico and Great Britain);
dominant and competitive;
confront conflicts;
win-lose strategy
Highly masculine cultures-
male aggressiveness,
strength
and material symbols of success
- value _____, _____ in members of
both sexes, _____ (Sweden, Norway, the Netherlands ,
Thailand and Chile);
compromise;
negotiation to resolve conflict;
win-win solutions
Highly feminine cultures
relationships
tenderness
a high quality of life
social gender roles are DISTINCT
men= success
women = quality of life
masculine societies
social gender roles OVERLAP (both quality of life)
feminine societies
refers to the way of presenting themselves
gender roles
socially constructed; share
experience of oppression
Racial and Ethnic identity-
has to do with belief on faith issues
religious identity
related to the widening gap between
the ultrawealthy, and middle and lower classes
Socioeconomic identity
has to do with belief on faith issues
Religious identity-
related to the widening gap between
the ultrawealthy, and middle and lower classes
Socioeconomic identity-
refers to the way of presenting themselves
Gender roles-
socially constructed; share
experience of oppression
Racial and Ethnic identity-
has to do with belief on faith issues
Religious identity-
related to the widening gap between the
ultrawealthy, and middle and lower
classes
Socioeconomic identity
refers to the legal status or citizenship
national identty
mental images or pictures that we believe on;
shortcuts (poisitive or negative) that guide reactions
sterotypes
a positive or negative prejudgement; leads to the creation of
in-groups and out-groups, with out-group members becoming easy for
discrimination
prejudice
not face-to-face; online,
surrogate communities;
Virtual neighbourhoods and
communities-
_____ and ____
also changing the traditional definition
of community
Technology, computer networks
_____ may also help bring diversity
and new culture to our lives
Internet
How to improve your ability to communicate interculturally
refraim
recognize
make a commitment
- Refrain from formulating expectations based solely on your
own culture - Recognize how faulty education can impede understanding
- Make a commitment to develop communication skills and
abilities appropriate to life in multicultural world
“The essence of cross-culuteal communication has to do with _____ than with________.”
relasing response
sending message
Edward T. Hall
The goals of co- cultura lcommunication
assimilation, accomodation, separation
The goals of co- cultura lcommunication
the marginalized group attempts to fi in with the dominant group
assimilation
The goals of co- cultura lcommunication
the marginalized group manages to keep co-cultura lidenity for positice relationships with the dominant culutre
accomodation
The goals of co- cultura lcommunication
the marginalized roup RELATES as exclusively as possible with its own group and as little as possible with the dominant group
separation
