Communication Modalities

Question 1

Rods

Answer 1

sensitive to light changes

Question 2

Cones

Answer 2

sensitive to colour
red, blue, green

Question 3

Intrinsic visual signals (morphological and behavioral elements)

Answer 3

morphological: conspicuous marks, structures (crests, antlers)
behavioral: orientation, shape changes, movement, displays (preen, dance)
Also bioluminescence

Question 4

What is extrinsic signalling

Answer 4

Animals signal in time to take advantage of the varying light spectra in order to maximize the conspicuous or efficacy of the signal but minimize the signals at other times when it is costly
- One cannot meaningfully interpret animal coloration without context to the background that it is seen against by the viewer

Question 5

Male birds develop a particular colour patter on their feathers. Why

Answer 5

Signaller is able to exploit a pre-existing bias in the perceptual system of a receiver and gain an advantage in transmitting a signal to that receiver

Question 6

Female Photurus exploit the sensory bias of Photinus males. explain.

Answer 6

Fireflies (beetles) have extensive use of light organs by males to attract females during darkness. Female then emits her own flashes in response. however, this also attracts a predator beetle (Photuris). Female photuris is attracted to light flashes of Photinus males and then mimics the light of Photinus females. Kill and consume Photinus males.