Communication And Homeostatis

Question 0

Negative feedback & positive feedback

Answer 0

Negative-a mechanisms whereby a change is restored back to its normal level within a system.

Positive-mecahnism whereby a change is amplified which can be worse and alter from the normal level significantly.

Question 1

Cell signalling?

Answer 1

Vital process and it’s the way in which cells in the body communicate with eachother….can be hormonal or neuronal

Question 2

Homeostasis

Answer 2

Maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 3

Transducers

Answer 3

Something that converts one form of energy into another such as a sensory receptor.., turns the stimuli into an electrical impulse..

Question 4

Myelinated neurone

Answer 4

Myelin sheath is a layer of Schwann cells around a neurone that acts as an electrical insulator and speeds up conduction of nervous impulses..
Myelinated neurones have gaps between the Schwann cells called nodes of ranvier which enables depolarisation to occur and this depolarisation can jump between nodes and speed up conduction (saltatory conduction)

Question 5

Cholinergic synapse

Answer 5

A synapse that uses the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.

Question 6

Endocrine gland

Answer 6

Group of cells specialised to secrete hormones directly into the blood-islets of langergan in pancreas

Question 7

Exocrine gland

Answer 7

Group of cells specialised to secrete chemicals through ducts into cavities or onto surface of the body…acinar cells-pancreatic duct to duodenum

Question 8

Hormone

Answer 8

Chemical messenger…proteins/peptides or steroids

Question 9

Target tissue

Answer 9

Cell or tissue that has a specific receptor for a particular type of chemical such as a hormone or a neurotransmitter.

Question 10

First messenger

Answer 10

A chemical involved in cell signalling that binds to a receptor in a cell membrane and triggers activity inside the cell.

Question 11

Secondary messenger

Answer 11

Chemical that’s produced inside a cell in response to a signal outside the cell. The chemical relays the signal to the inside of the cell.

Question 12

Diabetes

Answer 12

Type1-auto-immune disease where our body attacks beta cells and prevents insulin being produced.

Type2-beta cells don’t produce enough insulin or body cells don’t reasons properly to the insulin.

Question 13

Baroreceptors

Answer 13

Pressure receptors located in the aorta, vena cava and Carotid arteries

Question 14

Chemoreceptors

Answer 14

Chemical receptors found in aorta, medulla oblongata and carotid arteries

Question 15

Blood glucose concentration regualtions

Answer 15

Glycogenesis-glucose into glycogen
Glycogenolysis-glycogen into glucose
Gluconeogenesis-amino acids (non carbohydrates) into glucose