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Physiology > Communication and homeostasis > Flashcards

Communication and homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of direct contact

A

1 Gap junctions

2 contact dependent signaling

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2
Q

Gap junctions

A

1 Ligand diffuses through cytoplasm

2 Channel proteins allow movement in both directions

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3
Q

Contact-dependent signals

A

Ligand and receptor embedded into both membranes

Both cells can respond

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4
Q

Two types of local signaling

A

Autocrine

Paracrine

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5
Q

Where is the ligand released in local signaling

A

Interstical ECF

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6
Q

Autocrine signaling

A

Act on same cell that secrets it

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7
Q

Paracrine

A

Acts on adjacent cells

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8
Q

Neural communication

A

Diffusion diatnce is short so neuron can be very long

Specialized paracrine signaling, synaptic cleft works as specialized interstital fluid

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9
Q

Endocrine

A

Hormones released by endocrine tissue into into plasma/lymph
Only cells with correct receptors respond

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10
Q

Neurohormone

A

Hormones released by neurons into plasma/lymphECF

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11
Q

Receptor locations depend on?

A

Permeability of ligand

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12
Q

Big and polar Ligand

A

Receptors must be on cell membrane

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13
Q

Small and non polar ligand

A

Nucleus, cytosol, membrane

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14
Q

Ligand gated ion channel

A

Fastest, ligand binds conformational change and open or close

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15
Q

Receptor-Enzyme

A

Second fastest, Ligand binds enezyme is activated

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16
Q

G protein-coupled receptor

A

3 fastest, Ligand minds activates G protein, the activates amplifier, then activates second messenger.

17
Q

Intergin Receptor

A

Slowest moves cytoskelton which requires lots of energy.

18
Q

Amplification

A

Small amounts of ligand have big cellular effects

19
Q

Diversification

A

Coordinated responses to same ligand

20
Q

Redundancy

A

Multiple controls for each response.

21
Q

Leukotrienes

A

Leukocytes= bronchoconstriction

22
Q

Prostaglandins

A

Inflimation in tissue

23
Q

agonist

A

allowing something to happen or helping something to happen

24
Q

antagonist

A

not allowing it to happen

25
Q

Alpha andrenoreceptor

A

Vasoconstriction

26
Q

Beta andrenoreceptor

A

Vasodilation

27
Q

Specificity

A

receptors only bind certain types of ligand

28
Q

Competition

A

Ligand compete for the same active site on receptors

29
Q

Up-regulation

A

Increase receptors

Increase affinity

30
Q

increase receptors

A

increase max response and speed

31
Q

Increase affinity

A

Increase just speed

32
Q

Down regulation

A

Decrease receptors

Decrease affinity

33
Q

Decrease receptors

A

Decrease max response and speed

34
Q

Decrease affinity

A

Decrease speed

35
Q

Termination mechanism

A

1 Degrade ligand
2 actively transport ligand into cells
3 endocytosis of receptors
4 diffusion

Physiology (3 decks)

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