Communication Flashcards
Accepting
A listener does not express agreement or disagreement with the speaker. This allows the speaker to be completely open about expressing ideas about his/her speech.
Analyzing
Being able to evaluate/measure the content of one’s own spoken messages along with the content and message of others.
Analyzing skills need to be modeled and taught.
Clarifying
Asking questions of a speaker and paraphrasing what you think has been said.
Questions might be asked, such as “Is this what you are saying about…?” or “Am I understanding you correctly about…?”
Cognates
Words in two languages that share a similar meaning, spelling, and pronunciation.
Examples are family-familia; computer-computadora, and bicycle-bicicleta.
Colloquial Writing and Speaking
The use of everyday language such as in text messaging and emails.
Confirming
Repeating or paraphrasing what has been said by the speaker in order to ensure that you understand what the speaker is explaining.
Connotative Meaning
The various hints/suggestions of the meaning of a word or visual image.
Denotative Meaning
The very specific definition of a word or visual image.
ELL
Students whose native language is not English.
Empathizing
Understanding and sympathizing with the feelings of another, such as of the speaker to an audience or an author of a written text.
Empathizing is trying to see the speakers point of view – active listening.
English Language Proficiency Levels
Emerging –
- Level 1 – Use/understand single words & chunks
- Level 2 – Use/ understand phrases/short sentences
Expanding –
- Level 3 – Use/ understand a series of related sentences
- Level 4 – Use/understand many complex sentences
Bridging –
- Level 5 -Use/understand linguistically complex sentences
Formal Language
Formal language is typically used in business, government, and the academic world. It is written for an audience who is already familiar with the topic.
Formality
Vs
Informality
The way in which we use language in writing and speaking.
Two issues are relevant:
- The audience to whom you are speaking/writing
- Your goals
Functions/Purposes Of Media
Persuasion
- Ex: commercials, political ads
Information
- Ex: newspapers, documentaries
Entertainment
- Ex: movies, television, games
Education
- Ex: educational TV programs
Informal Language
Informal language uses everyday rules of English but can use contractions and sentence fragments. It is usually for a broad audience.
Ex: Blogging
Inversions
- The placement of a verb before its subject and can grammatically be correct or incorrect.
Ex: Where were you today?
- Another meaning of inversion in lower elementary school is reading words in reverse order such as “god” instead of “dog”.
Listening Comprehension
Listening and understanding what we hear. In order to comprehend what is heard, the listener should
- Recall background knowledge about topic
- Listen for the main idea of the topic
- Try to predict what the speaker will say based on background knowledge
- Draw inferences about what is being said
- Summarize in your mind (or on paper) the key points of what has been said–in your own words
Morpheme
A combination of sounds that has meaning in speech or writing; a morpheme cannot be divided into smaller grammatical parts.
Examples: write, cat, laugh, and box. Also, prefixes and suffixes are morphemes that carry meaning such as contra-, a-, an-, and pre-
Oral Language Assessment
Performed with either formal or informal assessments. The goal is to listen, analyze, and record brief episodes of students’ oral language.
These assessments provide information about students’ needs, strengths, and interests, and what will be the next steps to support their growth.
Oral Language Skills
Oral language is the system that relates sounds to meanings by communicating through word of mouth; it includes both listening and speaking.
Some of the oral language skills needed for students in early grades include
- Listen when someone speaks
- Join in conversation with others and takes turns speaking
- Use social standards, such as “Excuse me,” “Please,” and “Thank you”–but may need reminders at times.
Oral Presentation
The ability to report on a topic or text, tell a story, or relate an experience with appropriate facts including relevant details.
Students need to:
- Speak in complete sentences
- Look at their audience
Oral Vocabulary
Words that are used in speaking or that are recognized in listening.
Orthography
Spelling Patterns
Paraphrasing
Taking the key points and meaning of what has been said and expressing these points using different/your own words.