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Communication Skills > Communication 2 > Flashcards

Communication 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 goals of counseling

A

Provide support
Provide information
Help initiate behavior change

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2
Q

What is basic counseling

A

Listening is not passive. It is important to indicate that the person is being heard

Good counseling skills means listening before acting to solve problems

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3
Q

List the verbal listening skills

A 
Show interest 
Gather information 
Encourage speaker to develop ideas
Communicate our understanding of ideas 
Request clarification of understanding 
Build the therapeutic alliance
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4
Q

Wha is active listening

A

Active listening by clinician encourages the client to share information by providing verbal and nonverbal expressions of interest

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5
Q

List the active listening skills

A

Clarifying
Paraphrasing
Reflection of feeling
Summarizing

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6
Q

What is attending

A

Attending is expressing awareness and interest in what the client is communicating both verbally and non verbally

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7
Q

How does attending help the clinician

A

Better understand the client through careful observation

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8
Q

How does attending help the client

A

Relax and feel comfortable
Express their ideas and feelings freely in their own way
Trust the counselor
Take a more active role in their own session

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9
Q

What does proper attending involve

A

Appropriate eye contact, facial expression

Maintaining a relaxed posture and leaning forward occasionally, usually natural hand and arm movements

Verbally “following” the client, using a variety of brief encouragements such as “uhm-hm” or “yes” or by repeating key words

Observing the clients body language

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10
Q

What are the required listening postures? SOLER

A

Squarely :adopt a posture that indicates involvement

Open:crossed arms and legs can lessen signs of involvement or availability

Lean forward: indicates greater interest

Eye contact : maintain(culturally) appropriate eye contact

Relax : not fidgety movements or distracting facial movements. Use your body as a vehicle of expression

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11
Q

What’s is not enough?

A

Looking like you’re listening is not enough

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12
Q

What are some of the ways we can clarify

A

Ask open questions
-generally start with “what” , “how” , “why” or “could”

Questions serve to:

  • father lots of general information
  • encourage discussion
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13
Q

What are closed questions

A

Generally start with “is” “are” or “do”

Serve to:

  • gather lots of specific information quickly
  • tend to close down discussion
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14
Q

What are encouragers of communication

A

“Yes I understand” or repeat a word or two of what was said

Serve to:
-encourage further discussion

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15
Q

What is differentiating

A

Understanding whether:

-is the person is asking for information OR is the person expressing concern ?

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16
Q

What is paraphrasing

A

Briefly restate the content of the discussion

Reflective listening

  • check your understanding
  • show that you heard what was said

Acknowledge and accept feelings without judging

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17
Q

How does paraphrasing help the clinician

A

Verify their perceptions of the clients statements spotlight an issue

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18
Q

How does paraphrasing help the client

A

Realize that the counselor understands what they are saying

Clarify their remarks

Focus on what is import

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19
Q

What is summarizing

A

Succinctly pull together ideas from an interview

20
Q

How does summarizing help

A

Organize the structure of the interview

Check the accuracy of understanding

Confirms to the patient that you have been listening carefully

21
Q

How does summarizing help the clinician

A

Provides focus for the session

Confirms the clients perception

Focus on one issue while acknowledging the existence of others

Terminate a session in a logical way

22
Q

How does summarizing help the client

A

Clarify what they mean

Realize that the counselor understands

Have a sense of movement and progress

23
Q

What is reflection of feelings

A

Focus on feelings(states and unstated)

Serves to :
Communicate understanding of emotions

When combined with a paraphrase, confirms the accuracy of understanding (check out the other person)

Encourages discussion of feelings

24
Q

How does reflection of feelings help the clinician

A

Check whether or not they accurately understand what the client is feeling

Bring out problem areas without the client being pushed or forced

25
Q

How does reflection of feelings help the client

A

Realize that the counselor understands what they feel

Increase awareness of their feelings

Learn that feelings and behaviors are connected

26
Q

What is processing

A

Is the act of the clinician thinking about his or her observations about the client and what the client has communicated

“Processing” takes place within the clinician, between listening to the client and responding to the client. This includes to the clinicians ability to mentally catalogue data- the clients beliefs, knowledge, attitudes, and expectations- and then categorise factors influencing the clients judgement and performance

27
Q

What does processing allow the counselor to mentally catalogue t

A

Clients beliefs , knowledge , attitude and expectations

Information given by his or her family

Counselors observation

28
Q

What is responding

A

Is the act of communicating information to the client that includes providing feedback and emotional support, addressing issues of concern, teaching skills

29
Q

What is expressing empathy

A

Is the action of understanding, being aware of, being sensitive to, and vicariously experiencing the feelings, thoughts, and experiences that of another

30
Q

What is probing

A

It is the counselors use of a question to direct the clients attention to explore his or her situation in greater depth

31
Q

How does probing help the client

A

Probing helps to focus the clients attention in a feeling, situation or behavior

Probing may encourage the client to elaborate , clarify, or illustrate what he or she has been saying

Probing may enhance the clients awareness and understanding of his or her situation and feeling

Probing directs the client to areas that need attention

32
Q

What is interpreting

A

Is the clinicians explanation of the clients issues after observing the clients behavior, listening to the client , and considering other source of information

33
Q

What are the components of effective interpreting

A

Determining and restating basic message

Adding ideas for a new frame of reference

Validating these ideas with the client

34
Q

Non verbal communication in relation to culture and context

A

Most nonverbal have haibo it’s have multiple meanings

Some nonverbal behaviors have different meanings in different cultures

35
Q

How to attend to nonverbal communication

A

Increase awareness of nonverbal communications

Notice body language - a persons stance posture , physical tension

Acknowledge what you observe - be open and candid

36
Q

Role of silence

A

Silence can encourage the client to reflect and continue sharing. it can allow the client to experience the power of his or her own words

37
Q

What are some characteristics of bad listening

A

Make little eye contact

Makes distracting movements

Faces away from the speaker

Has a closed posture

Interrupts speaker

Does too many other things while listening

Has a flat affect, speaks in a monotone, gives few signals of interest

38
Q

What can we do influence or change behavior

A 
Directives 
Reframed and interpretations
Advice 
Feedback 
Logical consequences
39
Q

What is a directive

A

Tells a person what to do

Works beat if clear and concrete

Serves to:
-move a person to take a specific act

40
Q

Reframing and interpretations

A

Attempts to replace an old, maladaptive response with a newer, more useful one

Serve to:

  • increase insight and understanding
  • shift emotional or intellectual response
41
Q

What is advice

A

Provides information to help client make a decision. Can be very directive or les so

Serves to:
-share information that would be relevant for a persons decisions, actions, or understanding

42
Q

Disadvantages of advice

A

It’s often disempowering

People may say(but not really) that they want advice

43
Q

What is feedback

A

Gives information about how person is experienced by others

Serves to:
Help client see self more objectively(as others see him or her)

Feedback works best when

  • it is requested or desired
  • it is concrete
  • it is positive
  • if negative, it addresses something changeable or controllable
44
Q

What are logical consequences

A

Focuses on the logical consequences of a persons behavior, actions , thoughts , or feelings

Serves to:
-increase awareness of consequences

45
Q

Why do we need to learn communication skills

A

The goal of counseling is to help person tell their story

With effective listening skills you can assist a person in communicating their thoughts and feelings

When you understand where a person is starting from, it is easier to help them read their goal

Communication Skills (2 decks)

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