Communicating Science

Question 1

What are some points about climate models and climate information?

Answer 1

complexity means little and decreasing use; climate information chosen for its accuracy, timeliness, credibility, salience

Question 2

What does the climategate scientist want to see the climate science community doing more?

Answer 2

Stepping in to the public sphere and publicly supporting the information that colleagues produce

Question 3

What did Whitmarsh (2009) talk about?

Answer 3

GW evokes more change than CC; public lacks basic knowledge and salience; they learn about CC through personal concerns, experiences etc.

Question 4

Which paper states that Americans see climate change as a spatially and temporally distant risk?

Answer 4

Leiserowitz (2005)

Question 5

What do Lorenzoni & Pidgeon (2006) say?

Answer 5

Climate change 2nd priority to everyday factors, public believes the government should take greater responsibility before they as individuals do, and they should support local level action

Question 6

How does US political association affect public standpoint on climate change?

Answer 6

Agreed firmly with the party’s opinion

Question 7

What major economic event had an impact upon how people expressed concern over climate change?

Answer 7

Financial crisis

Question 8

What are the two biggest influences on climate change concern?

Answer 8

Elite cues and structural economic factors

Question 9

What is the risk society?

Answer 9

modernity > negative ecological consequences and uncertainties (overriding all socioeconomic layers) > second modernity > greater focus on management > changes to work patterns, nation state, economic basis and more.

Question 10

What is the name of the process that summarises the risk society?

Answer 10

reflexive modernisation

Question 11

What plays a crucial role in the risk society? why?

Answer 11

media - because they are important in how knowledge is supplied to the collective society

Question 12

What paper talks about media motivations and how climate information/sceptics are involved in the media?

Answer 12

Hasselmann (2010)

Question 13

What paper talks about the human undercurrent of faith in managing a risk and what does it say is the best approach for climate science in light of this?

Answer 13

Hasselmann (2010) - it talks about how we should target the feasibility and benefits of a low-carbon economy transition

Question 14

What survey was conducted by the BBC in 2010?

Answer 14

Between November 09 to February 10 reduction in belief of CC and GW by 18% and no. of people who heard about coldest winter on record 83%

Question 15

What do Barr & Prillwitz (2011) argue?

Answer 15

Mobility styles approach ineffective because CC transcends spatial and motivational contexts for travel

Question 16

What do Barr & Gilg (2006) argue about environmental policy?

Answer 16

Approach the population based on the different socio-psychological characteristics not demographics. This is because environmental action has been individualised for actions around the home and in everyday practice.

Question 17

What did Barr & Gilg (2006) argue about what leads to higher rates of participation in environmental action?

Answer 17

If there is a tangible threat to people’s social circle

Question 18

What did Barr, Gilg and Shaw (2011) argue?

Answer 18

Citizen-consumer approach ineffective for solving climate change because climate change brings in to question the current everyday practices and existing forms of consumption

Question 19

What did Johnson (2008) argue?

Answer 19

Citizen-consumer approach engages in larger structural and ideological tensions between global capitalisms relentless treadmill of production against increased public awareness of the need to reduce consumption.

Question 20

What did Johnson (2008) argue could be an intermediary between the structural tensions he identified?

Answer 20

Green capitalism

Question 21

Who outlined the five failed manifestations of green marketing?

Answer 21

Peattie and Crane (2005)

Question 22

What are Peattie and Crane’s (2005) failed manifestations of green marketing?

Answer 22

Green spinning, green selling, green harvesting, enviropreneur marketing, compliance marketing

Question 23

Who said that globalisation is deducting political power away from the state toward the individual? What did they argue further

Answer 23

Scammell (2000) - more so in the advent of technological developments

Question 24

Which paper outlines how the public believes there is no scientific consensus and therefore they should not be relied upon to make individual changes in light of uncertainty?

Answer 24

Frame and Newton (2007)

Question 25

What are three social and individual barriers to the public engaging in climate change action?

Answer 25

Social: social norms, lack of action at higher levels, lack of enabling initiatives Individual: uncertainty, scepticism, other priorities

Question 26

Which paper believes that there has not been a significant address to the social and individual barriers that prevent people engaging in environmental actions?

Answer 26

Lorenzoni et al. (2007)

Question 27

What does Lorenzoni et al. (2007) believe is needed to change environmental action?

Answer 27

Increasing targeted information provision and initiating a larger structural shift to low consumption lifestyle

Question 28

Which paper believes it is crucial to address collective norms? and what does it argue we should do?

Answer 28

Shove (2003) - promote greater social and cultural diversity

Question 29

What does Seyfang (2005) should happen?

Answer 29

The government can increase policy success by providing context and structure for people to make changes.

Question 30

What are some of the ways that Seyfang (2005) outlines government can enact change?

Answer 30

supporting local grassroots actions and not introducing undermining policies, publicly questioning economic growth, supporting local bodies

Question 31

What does McKenzie (2000) say?

Answer 31

little attention toward ensuring psychological knowledge available to environmental programme designers. Nova Scotia case study

Question 32

What does Thaler and Sunsten (2008) argue?

Answer 32

Command and control regulation has no liberty and is expensive and ineffective. Market problems: misaligned incentives and lack of environmental feedback

Question 33

What solution did Thaler and Sunsten (2008) argue about how to manage misaligned incentives?

Answer 33

Taxes and penalties

Question 34

What solution did Thaler and Sunsten (2008) argue about how to manage the lack of environmental feedback?

Answer 34

Legislation to increase amount of information released then used by media to create environmental blacklist or stickers so that the individual consumers are more accountable

Question 35

What method was used to affect the individual energy consumption in America and what was suggested at DIY Kyoto?

Answer 35

Ambient Orb - Southern California Edison - Employ in a community effort.

Question 36

What success did the ambient orb enjoy in peak energy times?

Answer 36

reduced consumption of 40% in peak times.