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Pedatric Nursing > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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0
Q

How is Rubella transmitted?

A

Airborne, blood, urine and stool

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1
Q

What is disease agent of Rubella?

A

German Measles

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2
Q

How long are patients contagious with Rubella?

A

7-10 days before rash and 5-14 after rash

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3
Q

What is the incubation period for Rubella?

A

16-18 days

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4
Q

How is Rubella diagnosed?

A

By a clinical presentation

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5
Q

What are the symptoms of Rubella?

A

Fever, body aches, swollen glands, fine red rash first on the face and moving downward.

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6
Q

What are the complications of Rubella?

A

None for healthy children but can cause devastating birth defects in unborn babies.

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7
Q

What is the treatment for Rubella?

A

Supportive care, avoid pregnant women, and women of childbearing age should have MMR

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8
Q

What is the disease agent of Rubeola?

A

Measles Virus

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9
Q

How is Rubeola transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions (airborne)

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10
Q

How long is Rubeola patients contagious?

A

4 days before the rash appears and 5 days after the rash appears.

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11
Q

What is the incubation for Rubeola?

A

8-12 days

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12
Q

How is Rubeola diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and viral antibodies.

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13
Q

What are the symptoms of Rubeola?

A

Prodromal: 3-5 days, high fever, malaise, coryza (inflammation of the nasal passage), cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik Spot (red lesions in mouth with white center). Acute: fever, cough, and photophobia, reddish brown rash that starts on face and spreads downward. It starts as discrete spots and becomes confluent.

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14
Q

What are the complications of Rubeola?

A

Encephalitis, seizures, cerebral edema, neurological deficits, pneumonia (primary cause of death), ear infections,

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15
Q

What is the treatment of Rubeola?

A

Supportive care, dim lighting, antibiotics for secondary infections and vitamin A for malnourished patients.

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16
Q

What is the disease agent of Poliomyelitis?

A

Poliovirus

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17
Q

How is poliomyelitis transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral route (contact)

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18
Q

How long is patients with poliomyelitis contagious?

A

Up to 7 days prior to onset of symptoms and can shed virus in feces for weeks.

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19
Q

What is incubation period for poliomyelitis?

A

6-20 days

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20
Q

How is Poliomyelitis diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and isolate virus in the feces.

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21
Q

What are the symptoms of poliomyelitis?

A

Common: fever, malaise, headache, nausea and vomiting. Severe: muscle pain/stiffness and paralysis.

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22
Q

What are the complications of poliomyelitis?

A

Paralysis (temporary or permanent), skeletal deformities, death from paralysis of respiratory muscles. Post Polio Syndrome- musculoskeletal and neurological symptoms that affect the patient as long as 25-35 years after initial disease.

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23
Q

What is the treatment of poliomyelitis?

A

Respiratory support, assistance with ADL’s, orthotics, and physical therapy.

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24
Q

What is disease agent of Diphtheria?

A

Corynebacterium diphtheria

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25
Q

How is diphtheria transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions (droplet)

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26
Q

How long is a patient with diphtheria contagious?

A

For 2-4 weeks without treatment or 24hrs after antibiotics

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27
Q

What is the incubation period for diphtheria?

A

2-5 days

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28
Q

How is diphtheria diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and throat culture

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29
Q

What is the symptoms of diphtheria?

A

Fever, fatigue, sore throat, headache, swollen glands, white grey pseudo membrane on tonsils, pharynx, and nasal passages.

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30
Q

What are the complications of diphtheria?

A

Airway obstruction, myocarditis-toxins, sepsis, paralysis of soft palate limb paralysis, and ocular paralysis.

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31
Q

What is the treatment of diphtheria?

A

Antitoxin, antibiotics, respiratory support, and symptom care.

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32
Q

What is the disease agent of scarlet fever?

A

Group A Beta Hemolytic Strep

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33
Q

How is scarlet fever transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions (droplet)

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34
Q

How long is a patient with scarlet fever contagious?

A

10 days if untreated and 24hrs after antibiotics

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35
Q

What is incubation period of scarlet fever?

A

2-5 days

36
Q

How is scarlet fever diagnosed?

A

Rapid antigen test and throat culture

37
Q

What are the symptoms of scarlet fever?

A

Prodromal: fever, nausea, vomiting, headache, sore throat. Acute: strawberry tongue, sandpaper rash on trunk and skin fold but not on face and skin may peel after rash fades.

38
Q

What are the complications of scarlet fever?

A

Rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

39
Q

What is the treatment of scarlet fever?

A

Antibiotics ( US yes but UK says no) symptom care and get a new toothbrush to prevent re-infection.

40
Q

What is the disease agent of tetanus?

A

Clostridium tetani

41
Q

How is tetanus transmitted?

A

Contaminated wound

42
Q

How long is patient with tetanus contagious?

A

Not transmitted person to person

43
Q

What is incubation period of tetanus?

A

3 days to 3 weeks (average 7 days)

44
Q

How is tetanus diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and blood test but cultures rarely detect pathogen

45
Q

What are the symptoms of tetanus?

A

Progressive muscular rigidity, muscular pain, muscle spasm, difficultly swallowing, and breathing.

46
Q

What are the complication of tetanus?

A

Airway obstruction, respiratory distress, broken bones, disability, brain damage, and permanent injury.

47
Q

What is the treatment for tetanus?

A

Antitoxin, Antibiotics, Paralytics, Pain medicine, and Respiratory support.

48
Q

What is the disease agent of pertussis?

A

Bordetella pertussis (whooping cough)

49
Q

How is pertussis transmitted?

A

Oral and nasal secretions

50
Q

How long is a patient with pertussis contagious?

A

From onset of symptoms and 2-4 weeks and unimmunized infants contagious for at least 6 weeks

51
Q

What is the incubation period for pertussis?

A

6-21 days

52
Q

How is pertussis diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and NP swab for pertussis PCR

53
Q

What are the symptoms of pertussis?

A

Three stages (6-8 weeks) Prodromal: URI symptoms with mild cough. Paroxysmal: Episodes of severe repetitive coughing followed by a single massive inspiration, often last 4-6 weeks. Convalescent: decrease in severity and frequency of spells.

54
Q

What are the complications of pertussis?

A

Seizures, brain damage, pneumonia, apnea, otitis media and epistaxis, hernia and broken ribs.

55
Q

What is the treatment for pertussis?

A

Azithromycin, nutritional support, respiratory support, albuterol, corticosteroids, and prevention

56
Q

What is disease agent of mononucleosis?

A

EBV, cytomegalovirus

57
Q

How is mononucleosis transmitters?

A

Saliva

58
Q

How long is a patient with mononucleosis contagious?

A

Weeks and months

59
Q

What is the incubation period for mononucleosis?

A

30-50 days

60
Q

How is mononucleosis diagnosed?

A

Viral antibodies, CBC with differential, mono spot

61
Q

What are the symptoms of mononucleosis?

A

Fatigue, sore throat enlarged tonsils, swollen cervical lymph nodes, and malaise.

62
Q

What are the complications of mononucleosis?

A

Hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, dehydration and respiratory distress

63
Q

What is the treatment of mononucleosis?

A

Supportive care, encourage fluids, and avoid contact sports

64
Q

What is the disease agent of parotitis?

A

Paramyxovirus (mumps)

65
Q

How is parotitis transmitted?

A

Oral and nasal secretions

66
Q

How long is a patient with parotitis contagious?

A

2-3 days prior to swelling of salivary glands and 5 days after the appearance of swelling

67
Q

What is the incubation period of parotitis?

A

16-18 days

68
Q

How is parotitis diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and virus present in the saliva

69
Q

What are the symptoms of parotitis?

A

Swelling of parotid salivary glands, fever, headache, ear ache, malaise, males orchitis, females abdominal pain.

70
Q

What is treatment of parotitis?

A

Supportive care, adequate hydration, ice and/or heat to swollen glands.

72
Q

What is disease agent of Fifth disease?

A

Human Parvovirus B19

73
Q

How is Fifth disease transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions (droplet)

74
Q

How long is a patient with Fifth Disease contagious?

A

They are contagious until rash appears

75
Q

What is the incubation for Fifth Disease?

A

4-21 days

76
Q

How is Fifth disease diagnosed?

A

Clinical presentation and viral antibodies

77
Q

What are the symptoms of Fifth Disease?

A

Prodromal: fever, body aches, headache. Acute: rash appears as symptoms subsides, Lacey rash on trunk extremities and bright red cheeks.

78
Q

What are complications of Fifth Disease?

A

Possible pregnancy complication but only dangerous in children with undying chronic illness.

79
Q

What is the treatment of Fifth Disease

A

Symptom care, Tylenol and Advil, and avoid contact with pregnant women.

80
Q

What is disease agent of varicella?

A

Varicella zoster virus (chicken pox)

81
Q

How is varicella transmitted?

A

Respiratory secretions (airborne and droplet). Contact with fluid from vesicles.

82
Q

How long is a patient with varicella contagious?

A

1 day before rash and until all vesicles are crusted over

83
Q

What is the incubation period for varicella?

A

10-21 days

84
Q

How is varicella diagnosed?

A

Viral antibodies and clinical presentation

85
Q

What are the symptoms of varicella?

A

Prodromal: low grade fever, malaise, anorexia, headache. Acute: very pruritic rash, begins as macule and becomes vehicle and then they crust over. All stages visible at one time and profuse on trunk and in oral mucosa. Sparse on the limbs and fever of 102

86
Q

What are the complications of varicella?

A

Secondary infections, pneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, can be dealt in immunocompromised and shingles

87
Q

What is the treatment of varicella?

A

Supportive care, oatmeal baths, anti itch meds, good skin care, anti viral medications and varicella zoster immunoglobulin if severely ill.

88
Q

What is complications of parotitis?

A

Meningitis, encephalitis, glomerulonephritis, permanent deafness, sterility, myocarditis, joint inflammation, and fetal death in pregnant women.

Pedatric Nursing (1 decks)

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