Communicable diseases Flashcards
List the different communicable diseases found in animals
- Tuberculosis(TB)
- Bacterial meningitis
- HIV/AIDS
- Influenza
- Malaria
- Ringworm
- Athlete’s foot
List the different communicable diseases found in plants
- Ring rot
- Tobacco mosaic virus
- Black sigatoka
- potato/tomato late blight
Type of pathogen responsible for TB and name
Bacterium
-Mycobacterium tuberculosis
How does mycobacterium tuberculosis cause disease
Triggers inflammatory response by infecting phagocytes in lungs
-infected phagocytes are sealed in waxy-coated tubercles so bacteria remain dormant.1st infection has no symptoms
if other factors weakness immune system,bacteria become active ,destroy lung tissue
How would a person that was immunocompromised be affected by TB
- Infect macrophage gets surrounded by phagocytic cells and destroyed/cell death
- causes lesions in the lungs, severe cough damaging lung tissue
How is TB transmitted
How can TB be prevented
- droplets containing pathogen expelled via coughing/sneezing.Other person inhales droplets
- By long close-contact
- quarantine
- avoiding over-crowding
Type of pathogen responsible for Bacterial meningitis
and name,who usually affected
Bacterium
Neisseria meningitidis
Humans
what is bacterial meningitis
bacterial infection to the meninges of the brain which can spread to the rest of the body causing sepsis
How is bacterial meningitis transmitted
How can it be prevented
- droplets expelled from sneezing/coughing
- direct contact with body fluids e.g kissing
- quarantine
- avoiding over-crowding
Type of pathogen responsible for HIV/AIDS
and name,who usually affected
Virus
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids)caused by HIV(human immunodeficiency virus)
- Humans
How is HIV transmitted
-shared bodily fluids:
- shared needles
- unprotected sex
- contaminated blood products
- mothers to babies
What is HIV and how does it cause AIDS
HIV is a virus that uses RNA as its genetic material.
-contains enzyme reverse transcriptase, which transcribes RNA to a single strand of DNA to produce a single strand of DNA in host cell.
Attachment proteins on HIV bind to complementary CD4 receptors on T-h cells, killing or damaging them
AIDS develops when there are too few T-h cells for the immune system to function.as T-h activate B cells to make antibodies and macrophages etc.
Person cant destroy other pathogens and suffer from secondary diseases =death
Type of pathogen responsible for Influenza
and name,who usually affected
How can it cause disease
Virus
- orthomyxoviridae spp
- Animals including humans
injects viral RNA into ciliated epithelial cells of throat + lungs
How is influenza transmitted
what can make influenza transmission worse
-by droplets containing pathogen expelled via coughing/sneezing.Other person inhales droplets
- overcrowded living spaces
- socioeconomic factors->insufficient public warning,no trained workers
Type of pathogen causes malaria,name,who usually affected
Protoctista
-Plasmodium
animals including humans
Explain the transportation of Plasmodium
2 different hosts: human, mosquito(anopheles)
when mosquito bites infected person, plasmodium(at sexually reproducing stage) will enter it’s salivary glands. So when it bites another human it will transport the plasmodium into their blood stream.
from their blood stream it will move to the liver then to the blood, where the RBC burst. Reducing O2 transportation.
