Communicable Disease Prevention and Control Flashcards
Arises from the fact that it is essential towards the people’s overall well-being.
Disease Causation and Process
Takes place when the health of an individual is not met fully.
Disease
Role of healthcare providers: To ensure that ____ will be taken care of.
Sick Individuals
____ of healthcare providers: Not able to give adequate care to people who needed health services.
Shortage
— Must allot important funds on the plans concerning promoting health, especially people in the community.
Local Government Units (LGUs)
If a community is not healthy, it is a ____ as to how LGUs in that area perform its function in making health a priority for everyone.
Reflection
— Diseases that can be transmitted from one person to another.
— Understand how to prevent and control these diseases from taking place in an individual.
Communicable Diseases
— Cases of a particular disease.
— People afflicted with a particular disease.
Morbidity
Top ten leading causes of morbidity.
- Acute Respiratory Infection
- Hypertension
- ALRTI and Pneumonia
- Urinary Tract Infection
- Bronchitis
- Influenza
- Acute Watery Diarrhea
- Asthma All Forms
- TB Respiratory
- Acute Febrile Illness
Healthcare providers need to provide ____ concerning the importance of promoting understanding on communicable diseases to lessen the likelihood of these diseases.
Massive Education
Officers in our community must be involved in understanding ____ that take place in the community itself.
Trends
Ten leading causes of death.
- Ischemic Heart Diseases
- Neoplasms
- Cerebrovascular Diseases
- Pneumonia
- Diabetes Mellitus
- Hypertensive Diseases
- Chronic Lower Respiratory Infections
- Respiratory Tuberculosis
- Other heart diseases
- Remainder of diseases of the genitourinary system
— Involves the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states and events in populations, and the application of this study to control health problems (Last, 1983).
— Described as the basic science of public health.
— From the Greek words:
Epi: On or upon
Demos: People
Logos: The study
Epidemiology
In epidemiology, we get the ____, ____, and ____ to increase engagement, understanding, and awareness of healthcare providers in making sure their community is following the standards.
— Cases
— Number of People who have the Disease
— Analyze Possible Ways
Concerned with the determinants of health events in a population.
Frequency and Pattern
— Focuses on the relationship that exists between the number or cases of a particular disease and the size of the population.
— More of counting: Categorize into groups.
Frequency
— Occurrence of health-related events by time, place and person.
— Talks about in what particular instances can we exhibit a large amount of people attending an activity and how many in particular are dispersed in the particular area.
Pattern
— Risk factors of epidemiology.
— Pertains to what would be the causes and factors in understanding the processes behind the occurrence of the disease.
Determinants
— Involves a disorder of structure or function in humans, especially one that produces specific symptoms or that affects a specific location and is not simply a direct result of physical injury.
— Best explained through the use of Epidemiologic Triad.
Disease
— First model of disease causation.
— The traditional model for infectious disease.
— Consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together which results in disease through the interaction of the three dynamic elements.
— Proposed by John Wade Frost (1928).
Epidemiologic Triad
Regardless of the agent, host, or environment, they ____ the development of illness.
Predispose
An infectious microorganism or pathogen which exposure to an organism will result in disease through a variety of factors.
Agent
Agents can be attributed into five.
— Physical agents
— Chemical agents
— Nutrient agents
— Mechanical agents
— Social agents
— Refers to the human who gets the disease.
— Exposure, susceptibility, or response to a causative agent is influenced by risk factors.
Host
Host can be influenced by three factors.
— Demographic characteristics
— Biological characteristics
— Socioeconomic characteristics
— Refers to extrinsic factors that affect the agent and the opportunity for exposure to the host.
— Common breeding ground of the microorganisms.
Environment
Three factors that may affect environment.
— Physical environment
— Biological environment
— Social environment
— Second model of disease causation.
— Model placed in circles.
— Clear dilation between host and pathogen: An established term instead of using agent, pathogen is used.
— Interaction of the three circles in the middle: Development of disease.
Infectious Disease Model
— Third model of disease causation.
— Accounts to the multifactorial nature of causation of a particular disease.
— Pie as a representation of the different contributing factors as to the development of a disease.
— Developed by Kenneth J. Rothman (1976).
— Can be used for non-infectious disease origins.
Causal Pies
— Contributes to an individual factor that contributes to causing disease shown as a piece of pie.
— What contributes to the development of the disease, which is forming the bulk of the pie.
— Pertains to individual pies (every letter).
Component Cause
— Involves a component that appears in every pie or pathway wherein without it, disease does not occur.
— In each plate, there is a participation.
— Appearing all throughout.
Necessary Cause
— Involves a complete pie, which might be considered a causal pathway to the development of a disease.
— Possible to have more than one
— Can be of various causes in order to form a disease.
— Encapsulate all causes in one diagram.
Sufficient Cause
— Brought by specific infectious agent or its toxic products capable of being directly or indirectly transmitted from man to man, animal to man, animal to animal, or from the environment to man.
— Infectious in nature, it develops quickly in individuals, with a rapid onset and short duration of disease.
Communicable Disease
— A type of disease that occurs in an individual which cannot be transmitted towards another person.
— Chronic in nature, the disease takes place for a long time and progresses slowly.
Non-Communicable Disease
- Importance of Understanding Communicable Diseases
— Changes of the ____ of infectious disease.
— Discovery of new ____.
— The possibility that some ____ have an infective origin.
— Pattern
— Infections
— Chronic Diseases
