Communicable Disease Flashcards
How is measles spread by?
Inhalation of droplets produced by infected people when sneezing and coughing.
Measles symptoms
Fever, red skin rash,
How to get HIV
Sexual contact, exchange of bodily fluids (eg blood when drug users share needle)
HIV symptoms
Flu -like symptoms at first, virus attacks the body’s immune cells, which can lead to aids- where the immune system is so damaged that it cannot fight off infections or cancers.
TMV( tobacco mosaic virus- plants) how is it spread
Direct contact of plants either infected plant material, Animal plant vectors, Soil: the pathogen can remain in soil for decades
TMV(tobacco mosaic virus- plants) symptoms
Mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves- where chlorophyll is destroyed, Reduces plants ability to photosynthesise, affecting growth.
How is Salmonella spread by
Bacteria in or on food that is being ingested
Salmonella symptoms
Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea
How to prevent salmonella
Poultry are vaccinated against salmonella bacteria to control spread
How is Gonorrhoea spread
Direct sexual contact- gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (std)
Gonorrhoea symptoms
Thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis, pain when urinating.
How to prevent gonorrhoea
Treatment with (many antibiotic-resistant strains have appeared), Barrier methods of contraception, such as condom.
How is a rose black spot spread
Water and wind
Rose black spot symptoms
Purple or black spots on leaves, which turn yellow and drop early.
Reduces plants ability to photosynthesise, affecting growth.
Rose black spot preventions and treatment
Fungicides
Affected leaves removed and destroyed
How is malaria spread
Mosquitoes feed on the blood of infected people and spread the protist pathogen when they feed on another person. Organisms that spread disease by carrying pathogens between people are called vectors.
Malaria symptoms
Recurrent episodes of fever
Can be fatal
Malaria prevention and treatment
Prevent mosquito vectors breeding
Mosquito nets to prevent bites
Anti malarial medicine
Sings that a plant is diseased
Stunted growth
Spots on leaves
Areas of rot or decay
Growths
Malformed ed stems or leaves
Discolouration
Pest infestation
Ways of identifying plant diseases
Gardening manuals and websites
Labatory testing of infected plants
Testing kits containing monoclonal antibodies
Aphids are insects that suck sap from the stems of plants. This results in…..
Reduced rate of growth
Wilting
Discolouration of leaves
Ladybirds can be used to control aphid infestations as ladybird larvae eat aphids
Physical barriers
Cellulose cell walls- provide a barrier to infection
Tough waxy cuticle on leaves
Bark on trees - a layer of dead cells that can fall off
What is a communicable disease
A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another
What is a pathogen
A microorganism that causes disease
Name 4 types of pathogen
Bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses.
How can pathogens be spread
Air, water, direct contact
How do bacteria make you ill
Produce toxins that damage tissues
