Communicable Disease

Question 1

How is measles spread by?

Answer 1

Inhalation of droplets produced by infected people when sneezing and coughing.

Question 2

Measles symptoms

Answer 2

Fever, red skin rash,

Question 3

How to get HIV

Answer 3

Sexual contact, exchange of bodily fluids (eg blood when drug users share needle)

Question 4

HIV symptoms

Answer 4

Flu -like symptoms at first, virus attacks the body’s immune cells, which can lead to aids- where the immune system is so damaged that it cannot fight off infections or cancers.

Question 5

TMV( tobacco mosaic virus- plants) how is it spread

Answer 5

Direct contact of plants either infected plant material, Animal plant vectors, Soil: the pathogen can remain in soil for decades

Question 6

TMV(tobacco mosaic virus- plants) symptoms

Answer 6

Mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves- where chlorophyll is destroyed, Reduces plants ability to photosynthesise, affecting growth.

Question 7

How is Salmonella spread by

Answer 7

Bacteria in or on food that is being ingested

Question 8

Salmonella symptoms

Answer 8

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea

Question 9

How to prevent salmonella

Answer 9

Poultry are vaccinated against salmonella bacteria to control spread

Question 10

How is Gonorrhoea spread

Answer 10

Direct sexual contact- gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease (std)

Question 11

Gonorrhoea symptoms

Answer 11

Thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis, pain when urinating.

Question 12

How to prevent gonorrhoea

Answer 12

Treatment with (many antibiotic-resistant strains have appeared), Barrier methods of contraception, such as condom.

Question 13

How is a rose black spot spread

Answer 13

Water and wind

Question 14

Rose black spot symptoms

Answer 14

Purple or black spots on leaves, which turn yellow and drop early.

Reduces plants ability to photosynthesise, affecting growth.

Question 15

Rose black spot preventions and treatment

Answer 15

Fungicides

Affected leaves removed and destroyed

Question 16

How is malaria spread

Answer 16

Mosquitoes feed on the blood of infected people and spread the protist pathogen when they feed on another person. Organisms that spread disease by carrying pathogens between people are called vectors.

Question 17

Malaria symptoms

Answer 17

Recurrent episodes of fever

Can be fatal

Question 18

Malaria prevention and treatment

Answer 18

Prevent mosquito vectors breeding

Mosquito nets to prevent bites

Anti malarial medicine

Question 19

Sings that a plant is diseased

Answer 19

Stunted growth
Spots on leaves
Areas of rot or decay
Growths
Malformed ed stems or leaves
Discolouration
Pest infestation

Question 20

Ways of identifying plant diseases

Answer 20

Gardening manuals and websites
Labatory testing of infected plants
Testing kits containing monoclonal antibodies

Question 21

Aphids are insects that suck sap from the stems of plants. This results in…..

Answer 21

Reduced rate of growth
Wilting
Discolouration of leaves

Ladybirds can be used to control aphid infestations as ladybird larvae eat aphids

Question 22

Physical barriers

Answer 22

Cellulose cell walls- provide a barrier to infection
Tough waxy cuticle on leaves
Bark on trees - a layer of dead cells that can fall off

Question 23

What is a communicable disease

Answer 23

A disease that can be transmitted from one organism to another

Question 24

What is a pathogen

Answer 24

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 25

Name 4 types of pathogen

Answer 25

Bacteria, fungi, protists, viruses.

Question 26

How can pathogens be spread

Answer 26

Air, water, direct contact

Question 27

How do bacteria make you ill

Answer 27

Produce toxins that damage tissues