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Biology GCSE AQA: Infection and Response > Communicable disease > Flashcards

Communicable disease Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a communicable disease?

A

A disease that is caused by a pathogen and can spread

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2
Q

What is a Pathogen?

A

A microorganism that causes disease

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3
Q

Is Bacteria a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

Prokaryote

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4
Q

How does Bacteria cause disease?

A

-they divide rapidly and clone themselves through binary fission.
-they colonise an area and release toxins

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5
Q

What do the toxins that the bacteria release do?

A

they break down cell membranes and damage cells, tissue and organs

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6
Q

what are some examples of a bacterial disease?

A

Gonorrhoea and Salmonella

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7
Q

Are Viruses a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

Prokaryote

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8
Q

How do Viruses cause disease?

A

Viruses hijack the cells DNA and alter the genetic code, changing the protein synthesis mechanism

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9
Q

How does a virus hijacking the cell affect it?

A

-allows the virus to change what proteins the cell produces.
-making more viral proteins creates new viruses meaning more cells are invaded

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10
Q

What do viruses need to be able to replicate?

A

a host cell

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11
Q

2 examples of a host cell.

A

human cell
plant cell

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12
Q

Give four examples of a virus.

A

any of:
-common cold
-influenza
-Covid-19
-HIV
-Measles
-Tobacco Mosaic disease

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13
Q

Is fungi/fungus a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

they are very complex eukaryotic organisms

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14
Q

How do fungi cause disease?

A

They can invade cells and grow in and block blood vessels

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15
Q

What does Fungi cause?

A

skin inflammation and irritation

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16
Q

what are some examples of fungal diseases?

A

Athletes foot
Rose Black spot

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17
Q

Is a Protist a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

A

eukaryote

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18
Q

what type of protist causes disease?

A

protozoa

19
Q

How do protozoa cause disease?

A

-when they get inside of a human body they will use it to replicate and will feed on it.
-they will absorb small soluble molecules instead of the body.
- they use it for respiration, taking energy away from the host.

20
Q

What is an example of a protist disease?

A

malaria

21
Q

How can pathogens be spread? ( 3 ways)

A

can be spread by direct contact, by water or by air

22
Q

What type of pathogen is measles?

A

A Virus

23
Q

What are the symptoms of Measles?

A

fever
cough
runny nose
a red skin rash

24
Q

What is the most extreme case of Measles?

A

fatality

25
Q

How is Measles spread?

A

spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs of an infected person

26
Q

How is Measles controlled?

A

by vaccinating young children against it

27
Q

What type of Pathogen is HIV?

A

virus

28
Q

What the symptoms of HIV?

A

flu-like symptoms

29
Q

What is HIV controlled with?

A

Antiretroviral drugs

30
Q

What happens in the late stages of HIV?

A

it develops into AIDS

31
Q

What happens when a person has AIDS?

A

the body’s immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no linger deal with other infections and cancers.

32
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

it is spread by sexual contact or the exchange of bodily fluids such as blood.

33
Q

How can bodily fluids be exchanged?

A

when drug users share needles

34
Q

What type of disease is Salmonella?

A

bacteria

35
Q

What are symptoms of Salmonella?

A

Fever, abdominal
cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

36
Q

what is done to control the spread of salmonella?

A

poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread.

37
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

by bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

38
Q

What type of disease is Gonorrhoea?

A

bacterial

39
Q

What the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

A

a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating

40
Q

What is usually used to treat Gonorrhoea? and what was the problem with it?

A

it was easily treated with the
antibiotic penicillin until many resistant strains of gonorrhoea appeared

41
Q

How is Gonorrhoea spread?

A

by sexual contact

42
Q

How is Gonorrhoea controlled?

A

controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom

43
Q
A

Biology GCSE AQA: Infection and Response (3 decks)

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