Communicable disease

Question 1

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 1

A disease that is caused by a pathogen and can spread

Question 2

What is a Pathogen?

Answer 2

A microorganism that causes disease

Question 3

Is Bacteria a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Answer 3

Prokaryote

Question 4

How does Bacteria cause disease?

Answer 4

-they divide rapidly and clone themselves through binary fission.
-they colonise an area and release toxins

Question 5

What do the toxins that the bacteria release do?

Answer 5

they break down cell membranes and damage cells, tissue and organs

Question 6

what are some examples of a bacterial disease?

Answer 6

Gonorrhoea and Salmonella

Question 7

Are Viruses a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Answer 7

Prokaryote

Question 8

How do Viruses cause disease?

Answer 8

Viruses hijack the cells DNA and alter the genetic code, changing the protein synthesis mechanism

Question 9

How does a virus hijacking the cell affect it?

Answer 9

-allows the virus to change what proteins the cell produces.
-making more viral proteins creates new viruses meaning more cells are invaded

Question 10

What do viruses need to be able to replicate?

Answer 10

a host cell

Question 11

2 examples of a host cell.

Answer 11

human cell
plant cell

Question 12

Give four examples of a virus.

Answer 12

any of:
-common cold
-influenza
-Covid-19
-HIV
-Measles
-Tobacco Mosaic disease

Question 13

Is fungi/fungus a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Answer 13

they are very complex eukaryotic organisms

Question 14

How do fungi cause disease?

Answer 14

They can invade cells and grow in and block blood vessels

Question 15

What does Fungi cause?

Answer 15

skin inflammation and irritation

Question 16

what are some examples of fungal diseases?

Answer 16

Athletes foot
Rose Black spot

Question 17

Is a Protist a prokaryote or a eukaryote?

Answer 17

eukaryote

Question 18

what type of protist causes disease?

Answer 18

protozoa

Question 19

How do protozoa cause disease?

Answer 19

-when they get inside of a human body they will use it to replicate and will feed on it.
-they will absorb small soluble molecules instead of the body.
- they use it for respiration, taking energy away from the host.

Question 20

What is an example of a protist disease?

Answer 20

malaria

Question 21

How can pathogens be spread? ( 3 ways)

Answer 21

can be spread by direct contact, by water or by air

Question 22

What type of pathogen is measles?

Answer 22

A Virus

Question 23

What are the symptoms of Measles?

Answer 23

fever
cough
runny nose
a red skin rash

Question 24

What is the most extreme case of Measles?

Answer 24

fatality

Question 25

How is Measles spread?

Answer 25

spread by inhalation of droplets from sneezes and coughs of an infected person

Question 26

How is Measles controlled?

Answer 26

by vaccinating young children against it

Question 27

What type of Pathogen is HIV?

Answer 27

virus

Question 28

What the symptoms of HIV?

Answer 28

flu-like symptoms

Question 29

What is HIV controlled with?

Answer 29

Antiretroviral drugs

Question 30

What happens in the late stages of HIV?

Answer 30

it develops into AIDS

Question 31

What happens when a person has AIDS?

Answer 31

the body's immune system becomes so badly damaged it can no linger deal with other infections and cancers.

Question 32

How is HIV spread?

Answer 32

it is spread by sexual contact or the exchange of bodily fluids such as blood.

Question 33

How can bodily fluids be exchanged?

Answer 33

when drug users share needles

Question 34

What type of disease is Salmonella?

Answer 34

bacteria

Question 35

What are symptoms of Salmonella?

Answer 35

Fever, abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea

Question 36

what is done to control the spread of salmonella?

Answer 36

poultry are vaccinated against Salmonella to control the spread.

Question 37

How is salmonella spread?

Answer 37

by bacteria ingested in food, or on food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 38

What type of disease is Gonorrhoea?

Answer 38

bacterial

Question 39

What the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?

Answer 39

a thick yellow or green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain on urinating

Question 40

What is usually used to treat Gonorrhoea? and what was the problem with it?

Answer 40

it was easily treated with the antibiotic penicillin until many resistant strains of gonorrhoea appeared

Question 41

How is Gonorrhoea spread?

Answer 41

by sexual contact

Question 42

How is Gonorrhoea controlled?

Answer 42

controlled by treatment with antibiotics or the use of a barrier method of contraception such as a condom