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Health Sciences 101 > communicable disease > Flashcards

communicable disease Flashcards

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1
Q

TB falls by how much/year?

A

2%

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2
Q

what is TB caused by

A

Myobacterium Tuberculosis

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3
Q

how is TB spread?

A

through the air (sneeze, cough…)

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4
Q

what percent of the world has TB (latent or not)

A

25%

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5
Q

how may ppl can become infected from an imdvdl with TB?

A

5-15

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6
Q

who are the highest populations at risk of TB

A

adults in developing countries, ppl with HIV, people who smoke or drink, people with undernutrition

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7
Q

what is the most common symptom of TB

A

cough with sputum/phlegm or blood, chest pains, weakness, weight loss, fever, night sweats

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8
Q

how is tb diagnosised

A

with rapid molecular diagnostic tests

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9
Q

what is MDR TB

A

multi drug resistant form of tb caused by bacteria that do not respond to isoniazid and rifampicin

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10
Q

what are the two most affective first line tb drugs

A

isoniazid and rifampicin

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11
Q

what causes measels

A

a virus from the paramyxovirus

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12
Q

who are the highest population risk for measeles

A

unvaccinated children under 5 years old and unvaccinated pregnant women

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13
Q

how are the measles spread

A

through air and direct contact

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14
Q

what part of the body does the measles virus infect

A

the respiratory tract

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15
Q

how long does it take to display symptoms of measles after being exposed

A

10-12 days

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16
Q

what are common symptoms of the measles

A

initially a high fever, runny nose, red/watery eyes and small white spots on insides of the cheeks, followed by a rash on upper face and neck that eventually spreads

17
Q

how long can the measles stay active and contagious when not on an infected person

A

up to 4 hrs

18
Q

what causes malaria

A

a parasite (plasmodium) spread through infected female anopheles mosquitoes

19
Q

who are the most vulnerable population to malaria

A

children under 5 years old, pregnant women, people with severe HIV/Aids

20
Q

how long does it take to display symptoms of malaria after initial exposure

A

10-15 days

21
Q

what are the initial symptoms of malaria

A

fever, headache and chills

22
Q

what are symptoms in children who have a severe case of malaria

A

severe anemia, respiratory distress (metabolic acidosis), or cerebral malaria

23
Q

what region is most affected by Malara

A

africa

24
Q

what is the most effective way to control malaria transmission

A

vector contrl

25
Q

what practices are commonly used to prevent malaria

A

using insecticide treated nets and getting vaccinated

26
Q

define malaria eliminatin

A

the interruption of local transmission of a specified malaria parasite species in a defined geographical area as a result of deliberate activities

27
Q

define malaria eradication

A

the permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of malaria infection caused by human malaria parasites as a result of deliberate activities

28
Q

define seasonal influenza

A

acute respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses which circulate in all parts of the world

29
Q

what are influenza A viruses

A

classified into subtypes according to hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) on surface of cell

30
Q

what are influenza B viruses

A

classified as lineages, currently circulating as B/yamagata and B/Victoria

31
Q

what are Influenza C viruses

A

detected less frequently and usually causes mild infections, thus does not present public health importance

32
Q

what are influenza D viruses

A

affect cattle and are not known to infect or cause illness in people

33
Q

what populations are most at risk in industrialized countries

A

people over 65 years of age

34
Q

what populations most at risk of developing influenza?

A

pregnant women, children under 2.5 years old, the elderly, people with chronic health conditions, people with immunesuppressive conditions and health care workers

35
Q

define incubation period

A

the Time from infection to illness

36
Q

what is the incubation period of seasonal influenza

A

1-4 days

37
Q

what are the most effective way to prevent the spread of influenza

A

getting vaccinated, regular handwashing,isolation when sick, covering nose when sneezing/coughing, avoid touching face and staying out of contact with people who have the flu

Health Sciences 101 (3 decks)

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