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FoPC 1st Year > Commonly Used Terms > Flashcards

Commonly Used Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What does ADL stand for?

A

Activities of Daily Living

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2
Q

What are activities of daily living (ADL)?

A

A term used in healthcare to refer to daily self-care activities

Used routinely as a measurement of the functional status of a person, particularly in regards to people with disabilities and the elderly

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3
Q

What is birth rate?

A

Summary rate based on the number of live birsths in a population over a given period of time, usually one year

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4
Q

What is a clinical audit?

A

A quality improvement process that seeks to improve patient care and outcomes through systemic review of care against explicit criteria and the implementation of change

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5
Q

What is clinical effectiveness?

A

The degree to which the organisation is ensuring the ‘best practice’ based on evidence of effectiveness where such evidence exists, is used

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6
Q

What is coping?

A

The process of managing stress

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7
Q

What is critical appraisal?

A

Process of carefully and systematically examining research to judge its trustworthiness and its value and relevance in a particular context

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8
Q

What is culture?

A

Complex whole which includes knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, law, customs etc

Systems of shared ideas, systems of concepts and ruiles and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human beings live

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9
Q

What is diseaese?

A

Physiological or psychological dysfunction

As distinct from an ‘illness’, a disease is essentially the same biological process in each individual who suffers it, whereas an illness will be influenced by other features such as age, personality, personal circumstances and previous experience

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10
Q

What is disease prevention?

A

Measures taken to prevent diseases rather than curing them or treating their symptoms

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11
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Refers to cultural practices and outlooks that character and distinguish a certain group of people

Characteristics identifying an ethnic group may include a common language, common customs and beliefs and tradition

This term is preferred over ‘race’

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12
Q

What is gender?

A

Social implications of being male or female, including differences in the way women and men thing, behave or interact in society

Gender patterns vary both within and between societies

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13
Q

What is a hazard?

A

The potential to cause harm

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14
Q

What is health promotion?

A

Process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health

Applied to a wide range of approached to improving health of people, communities and populations

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15
Q

What is illness?

A

A person’s experience or subjective notion of being ill

This is not to be confused with ‘disease’

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16
Q

What is incidence?

A

The number of new cases of a disease in a population in a defined period of time

Incidence tells us something about trends in causation and the aetiology of disease

17
Q

What is infant mortality rate?

A

A measure of the rate of deaths (usually in one year) in children less than one year old with the number of live births in the same year as the denominator

This is a often cited as a useful indicator of the level of health in a community

18
Q

What are the two mortality rates?

A

All-case mortality

Disease-specific mortality

19
Q

What is all cause mortality?

A

Measure of the number of deaths (from any cause) in a particular population, scaled to the size that population usually expressed per 1000 or 100,000 persons per year

20
Q

What is all-cause mortality sometimes refered to as?

A

Crude death rate

21
Q

What is disease-specific mortality?

A

Number of deaths due to a given disease per time, usually expressed per 1000 or 100,000 persons per year

22
Q

What is prevalence?

A

Number (proportion) or individuals with a disease at a given point in time (point prevalence) or within a defined interval (period prevalece)

23
Q

What are the 2 kinds of prevalence?

A

Point prevalence

Period prevalence

24
Q

What is point prevalence?

A

Number of people with a disease at a given point in time

25
Q

What is period prevalence?

A

Number of people with a disease within a defined interval

26
Q

What is quality of life?

A

General well-being of individuals and societies

Health related quality of life (HRQoF) is a multi-dimensional concept that includes domains relating to physical, mental, emotional and social functioning, and focuses on the impact health status has on quality of life

27
Q

What does HRQoL stanf for?

A

Health related quality of life

28
Q

What is QUALY?

A

Measure of disease burden, including both the quality and the quantity of life lived

Used in assessing the value for money of an intervention

The QALY is based on a number of years of life that would be added by intervention

29
Q

What is race?

A

Group of people linked by biological or genetic factors

This term should not be used to describe different social groups, that is ethnicity

30
Q

What is risk?

A

Measure of the liklihood of harm occuring

31
Q

What is self-efficacy?

A

A person’s belief in his or her ability to succeed in, or manage, a particular situation

32
Q

What is sex?

A

The biological characteristics of men and women

33
Q

What is social class?

A

Form of social stratification (layering of society)

The most common occupational classification currently in use (and has been since 1911) has 6 classes:

1 (professionals)

II (managerial and technical)

IIIa (skills-non manual)

IIIb (skills-manual)

IV (partly skilled manual)

V (unskilled)

34
Q

What is stress?

A

The body’s response to the demands placed upon it

35
Q

What is the sick role?

A

Traditionally temporary, medically sanctioned social role of being sick

FoPC 1st Year (10 decks)

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