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Medications > Commonly used drugs > Flashcards

Commonly used drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Aciclovir

A

Antiviral

Non retroviral DNA polymers inhibitors

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1
Q

Acetylcysteine

A

Mucolytic

Splits disulfide bonds in mucoproteins proteins

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2
Q

Adenosine

A

Antiarrhythmic (unclassified)

Activate ACh sensitive K+ currents in the atria and AV node to shorten action potential reaction and slow normal automaticity

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

Adrenergic Drug

Catecholamine
Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic

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4
Q

Aluminum hydroxide

A

Antacid

Buffer or neutralize hydrochloric acid in the stomach and raise gastric pH

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5
Q

Aminophylline

A

Bronchospasm relaxant

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6
Q

Amiodarone

A

Antiarrhythmic (Class III)

Blocks K, Na and Ca channel and beta receptors to prolong the effect of refractory period by prolonging action potential duration

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7
Q

Amoxycillin

Ampicillin

A

Antibiotic (mod-spectrum)

Beta-lactamase sensitive amino-penicillins with greater efficacy to selective gram- bacteria

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8
Q

Aspirin

A

NSAID

Analgesic, antipyretic anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet

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9
Q

Atenolol

A

Cardio selective beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist (beta blocker)

Competitively block B1 site located on smooth cardiac muscle to decrease: ~heart rate
~conduction velocity
~myocardial contractility
~cardiac output.

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10
Q

Atorvastatin

A

Antihypercholesterolemia/Antihyperlipidemia

Reversible inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase

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11
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Parasympatholytic
Competitively block action of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Mydriatic, cycloplegic, antisecretory

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12
Q

Benzoin

A

Decongestant, antiseptic, astringent

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13
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonists

Parasympatholytic/antimuscarinic/anticholinergic
Competitively block action of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Extrapyramidal disorders

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14
Q

Benzylpenicillin

A

Antibiotic

Penicillin G
Narrow spectrum penicillin

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15
Q

Betahistine

A

Centrally-acting histamine analogue

Vasodilator acts by increasing blood flow to labyrinth and brainstem
Ménière’s disease

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16
Q

Betamethasone

A

Glucocorticoid (long acting)

Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis

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17
Q

Bisacodyl EC

A

Stimulant laxative

stimulates peristalsis on contact with mucosa to produce evacuation of the Bowels in 6 to 12 hours (tab) or within 15 to 16 minutes (suppository)

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18
Q

Budesonide

A

Glucocorticoid

Main action in the GIT
Chron’s disease

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19
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Local anesthetic

Long duration
Reversibly prevent generation and conduction of impulses in excitable membranes and decrease sensitivity of pain

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20
Q 
Cefaclor
Cefalotin (Cephalothin)
Cefotaxime
Ceftriaxone
Cephalexin
Cephazolin
A

Antibacterial

Cephalosporin
Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis and are bactericidal
Patients with penicillin allergies

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21
Q

Chlorpromazine

A

Antipsychotic

Phenothiazine derivative
Antagonism of dopamine receptors (D2)*

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22
Q

Clonidine

A

Antihypertensive

Centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonist reduces symptoms due to autonomic hyperactivity
Adjuvant analgesic
Opioid withdrawal reactions

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23
Q

Clopidogrel

A

Antiplatelet agent

Inhibits ADP induced platlet aggregation by irreversibly binding to the P2Y12 platelet receptor

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24
Q

Calcium gluconate

A

Antihypocalcemia Agent

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25
Q

Codeine phosphate

A

Opioid receptor agonist

Weak Analgesic
Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels

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26
Q

Colchicine

A

Anti-Gout

Inhibits neutrophil migration, decreases release of glycoprotein, and blocks release of chemotactic factors, resulting in a decrease of urate deposits and inflammation

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27
Q

Cyclopentolate

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Parasympatholytic
Competitively block action of ACh at muscarinic receptors
Mydriatic, cycloplegic

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28
Q

Dexamethasone

A

Glucocorticoid (long acting)

Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis

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29
Q

Diazepam

A

Benzodiazepine (long-acting)

Facilitate GABA binding to receptors and enhance chloride channel opening leading to more neuronal inhibition
Anxiolytic, definitive-hypnotic, muscle relaxant, antiepileptic

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30
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID

Acetic acid
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory

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31
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

Antibiotic (narrow-spectrum)

Beta-lactam Penicillin
Gram+
Active against beta-lactamase-producing organisms which would otherwise be resistant to most penicillins

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32
Q

Digoxin

A

Antiarrhythmic

Cardiac glycoside
Inhibits active transport of Na and K and decreases conduction through the AV node to free calcium ions causing a decrease heart rate and rhythm disturbances and increase contractile force

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33
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

Ergot alkaloid

Partial agonist and antagonist actions on a-adrenoceptors, 5-HT,serotonin receptors
Migraines

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34
Q

Diphenoxylate/Atropine

A

Narcotic (combination drug)

treat acute diarrhea

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35
Q

Td

A

Diphtheria & tetanus Vaccine

Td is a two-in-one vaccine protects people against tetanus and diphtheria

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36
Q

Dobutamine

A

Adrenergic Drug

Catecholamine
Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic

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37
Q

Docusate/Senna

A

Laxative (combination)

Docusate is a fecal softening agent permitting water and fatty substances to penetrate and become well mixed with fecal material

Senna is a stimulant laxative promoting accumulation of water and increasing peristalsis by irritating internal mucosa

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38
Q

Dopamine

A

Adrenergic Drug

Synthetic Catecholamine
Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic

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39
Q

Doxycycline

A

Antibiotic (broad-spectrum)

Tetracycline
Bacteriostatic for gram- and gram+
Inhibit protein synthesis by reversibly blocking 30S subunit of the ribosome and preventing access of tRNA to mRNA-ribosome complex

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40
Q

Droperidol

A

Butyrophenon derivative

Used as an adjunct anesthesia and short-term management of disturbed behavior and severe anxiety as an antipsychotic

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41
Q

Enoxaparin

A

Anticoagulant

LMWH
Inactivates factor Xa for a medium inhibition of platelet function

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42
Q

Ephedrine (Sulfate)

A

Adrenergic Drug

Racemic drug
Mixed-acting adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic
Acts indirectly by stimulating release of noradrenalin as well as acting directly

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43
Q

Erythromycin

A

Antibiotic

Macrolide class  
Bacteriostatic, inhibit bacterial RNA dependent protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunit
People with allergy to penicillins
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44
Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI

Acts by inhibiting the functioning of this transporter, the drug prevents formation of gastric acid

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45
Q

Fentanyl

A

Opioid receptor agonist

Highly potent Analgesic
Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels

46
Q

Flecainide Acetate

A

Antiarrhythmic (Ic)

Regulates the flow of Na in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential

47
Q

Flucloxacillin

A

Antibiotic (narrow-spectrum)

Beta-lactam penicillin
Gram+
Unlike other penicillins has activity against beta-lactamase-producing organisms

48
Q

Flumazenil

A

GABA receptor antagonist

Anxiogenic
Decreases binding of GABA so chloride channels remain closed

49
Q

Fluorescein

A

Opthalmic preparation

Non-toxic, Orange red, water-soluble die that fluoresces and colors the tear film creating a stain for diagnostics

50
Q

Framycetin

A

Antibiotic

Aminoglycoside
Poor systemic absorption, used in topical preparations

51
Q

Frusemide (furosemide)

A

Loop diuretic

Rapid intense diuresis, inhibit KCC co-transporter preventing reabsorption of Na and Cl from Lumen into epithelial cells

52
Q

Gentamycin

A

Antibiotic

Aminoglycoside
Gram-
ototoxic and nephrotoxic

53
Q

Glucagon

A

Anti-hypoglycemic

Hormone that acts primarily by stimulating hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis and by inhibition of glycogen synthesis

54
Q

Glyceryl Trinitrate

A

Direct acting vasodilator

Organic nitrate
Dilation of veins and arteries resulting in a decrease of the amount of blood return to the heart reducing end-diastolic volume and myocardial oxygen demand

55
Q

Haloperidol

A

Butyrophenon derivative

Selective CNS effects
Competitively blocks D2 receptors in mesolimbic system and causes increased turnover of brain dopamine to produce antipsychotic effect

56
Q

Heparin sodium

A

Anticoagulant

Regular heparin
Inactivates factor Xa and IIa (thrombin) for a high inhibition of platelet

57
Q

Hydralazine

A

Vasodilator (miscellaneous)

Direct relaxation of vascular smooth muscle particularly the arterials, with little effect on veins, leading to reduction in peripheral resistance
Increases renal bloodflow, providing advantage to patients with renal failure

58
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

Glucocorticoid (short acting)

Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis

59
Q

Hyoscine

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

Similar to atropine but due to greater permeation of blood brain barrier it has marked effects of depression on the CNS including drowsiness, euphoria, memory loss, relaxation and sleep
Does not increase blood pressure or respiration

60
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID

Propionic acid
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory

61
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID

Acetic acid
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory

62
Q

Insulin

A

Anti hyperglycaemic

Hormone
Facilitates removal of glucose from the blood into muscle and fat cells and promotes storage of nutrients

63
Q

Ipratropium

A

Anti-muscarinic

Atropinic
Produce bronchodilation by blocking vagal tone and parasympathetic reflexes mediating bronchoconstriction

64
Q

Isoprenaline

A

Adrenergic Drug

Synthetic Catecholamine
Non-selective B-adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic

65
Q

Isosorbide Mononitrate

A

Direct acting vasodilator

Organic nitrate
Dilation of veins and arteries resulting in a decrease of the amount of blood return to the heart reducing end-diastolic volume and myocardial oxygen demand

66
Q

Ketamine

A

Non-barbituate analgesic/anaesthetic

Disassociative that causes analgesia and amnesia without loss of respiratory function or reflexes, produces cataleptic state

67
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID

Acetic acid
Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory

68
Q

Lactulose

A

Osmotic laxative glycerol

Exerts an osmotic effect to increase the volume of fluid in the lumen which accelerates the transfer of gut contents and leads to increased defecation

69
Q

Lignocaine

A

Local anesthetic

Intermediate duration
Reversibly prevent generation and conduction of impulses in excitable membranes and decrease sensitivity of pain

70
Q

Magnesium sulfate

A

Anti epileptic

Depressant affect on CNS
Reduces striated muscle contractions
Toxaemia of pregnancy

71
Q

Metaraminol

A

Adrenergic Drug

Indirect acting adrenoceptor agonist
Vasopressor
Indirect effects caused by release of NA and direct action on B and a1 adrenoceptors

72
Q

Methylprednisolone

A

Glucocorticoid (intermediate acting)

Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis

73
Q

Metroclopramide

A

Dopamine antagonist

Antinauseant/Antiemetic
Centrally blocks D2 receptors in the CTZ while peripherally accelerating gastric emptying, reduces reflux from the duodenum and stomach into esophagus and enhances motility of the upper GIT

74
Q

Metoprolol

A

Cardio selective beta1 adrenoceptor antagonist (beta blocker)

Competitively block B1 site located on smooth cardiac muscle to decrease: ~heart rate
~conduction velocity
~myocardial contractility
~cardiac output

75
Q

Metronidazole

A

Antibiotic (miscellaneous)

Reduces intracellularly to a short acting cytotoxic agents that interacts with DNA inhibiting bacterial synthesis and causes cell death
Selectively toxic to many anaerobic bacteria and Protozoa

76
Q

Midazolam

A

General anesthetic

Benzodiazepine
Sedative – anti-anxiety agent
Adjunct to IV anesthesia

77
Q

Morphine sulfate

A

Opioid receptor agonist

Gold standard analgesic
Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels

78
Q

Naloxone

A

Opioid receptor antagonist

Competitively displace opioid analgesics, reversing their effects

79
Q

Neostigmine

A

Anticholinesterase agent

Medium acting
Reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, forms carbamylated enzyme complex at active site
Reversal of NMJ blockade

80
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Adrenergic Drug

Catecholamine
Direct acting adrenoceptor agonist
Sympathomimetic

81
Q

Ondansetron

A

5-HT3 receptor antagonist

Antinauseant/antiemetic
Blocks 5HT3 receptors in brainstem and GIT preventing vomiting in response to admin of antineoplastic agents

82
Q

Oxazepam

A

Benzodiazepine (short-acting)

Facilitate GABA binding to receptors and enhance chloride channel opening leading to more neuronal inhibition
Anxiolytic, definitive-hypnotic, muscle relaxant, antiepileptic

83
Q

Oxycodone

A

Opioid receptor agonist

Bioavailability variable Analgesic
Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels

84
Q

Oxytocin

A

Labor inducent

Acts directly on myometrium, having a stronger effect on the fundus than on the cervix

85
Q

Pethidine

A

Opioid receptor agonist

Labor Analgesic
Inhibits release of substance P from dorsal horn neurons and inhibit afferent transmission at supraspinal levels

86
Q

Phenobarbitone sodium

A

Barbiturate

Antiepileptic
Nonselective depression of CNS by facilitation of Cl entry into the cells at GABA receptors causing enhancement of inhibitory systems that use GABA as a neurotransmitter

87
Q

Phenytoin sodium

A

Hydantion drug

Antiepileptic
Blocks voltage-dependent Na channels, decreasing propagation of seizures

88
Q

Phosphate

A

Mineral

Used to treat hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor associated osteomalacia

89
Q

Phytomenadione (Vit K)

A

Anticoagulant antagonist

Anti-hypoprothrombinemia
Anti-hemorrhagic
Essential to the hepatic synthesis of clotting factors

90
Q

Prednisolone

A

Glucocorticoid (long acting)

Gen. metabolic effects, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant actions and negative feedback effects on the HPA axis

91
Q

Prilocaine

A

Local anesthetic

Intermediate duration
Reversibly prevent generation and conduction of impulses in excitable membranes and decrease sensitivity of pain

92
Q

Probenecid

A

Antihyperuricemic

Anti-Gout
Lower serum concentration of uric acid by competitively inhibiting the reabsorption of uric acid at the proximal renal tubule, increasing urinary excretion of uric acid

93
Q

Procaine penicillin

A

Antibiotic

Narrow spectrum penicillin

94
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Dopamine antagonist

Antiemetic/Antinauseant
Phenothiazine derivative
Act mainly as D2 receptor antagonists but also have antihistamine and anti-muscarinic properties

95
Q

Promethazine

A

H1 receptor antagonist

antihistamine
Anti-emetic/antinauseant

96
Q

Propofol

A

Non-barbiturate anesthetic

Short acting hypnotic
CNS depression probably mediated through GABA receptors

97
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 receptor antagonist

Antihistamine
Competitively blocks histamine from stimulating H2 receptors thus reducing gastric acid secretion (~70%)

98
Q

Roxithromycin

A

Antibiotic

Macrolide
Bacterial protein synthesis inhibitor
Inhibit bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits
Bacteriostatic

99
Q

Salbutamol

A

Short acting Beta2 agonist

Bronchodilator (reliever)
Activate B2 Adrenoceptors in bronchial smooth muscle which increases formation of cAMP, lowers concentration of intracellular Ca and strongly relaxes

100
Q

Sodium valproate

A

Anti-epileptic

Mechanism not fully established

101
Q

Sotalol

A

Antiarrhythmic (class III)

B Adrenoceptor antagonist also blocks K channels, prolonging action potential duration and increasing effective refectory period In A and V tissue and at AV node.

102
Q

Sumatriptan

A

5-HT agonist

Migraine treatment
Selectively constricts cranial vessels by agonist actions at 5-HT receptors

103
Q

Suxamethonium

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

Nicotinic agonist
Binding results and persistent stimulation and maintains depot or a state of motor and plate
Lots of electrical excitability

104
Q

Temazepam

A

Benzodiazepine

Sedative

105
Q

Tenecteplase

A

Thrombolytic

Convert plasminogen and blood to Plasmin (A fibrinolytic enzyme)

106
Q

Thiopentone sodium

A

General anesthetic

Ultra short acting barbiturate
CNS depressant that produces hypnosis and anaesthesia without analgesia

107
Q

Tramadol

A

Opioid receptor agonist

Opioid for-SSRI Analgesic
Non-chemically related u-opioid receptor agonist also inhibit reuptake of NA and 5-HT

108
Q

Trimethoprim

A

Antibiotic (miscellaneous)

Short acting cytotoxic agent that interacts with DNA, inhibiting bacterial synthesis and causing cell death
Seductively toxic to many anaerobic bacteria and protozoa

109
Q

Tropicamide

A

Mydriatic

Anticholinergic

110
Q

Vecuronium Bromide

A

Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent

This rapid blockade characterized by motor weakness and paralysis

111
Q

Verapamil

A

Ca Channel blocker

Direct acting vasodilator
Reduce AV conduction and block SA node causing decreased heart rate and contractility

112
Q

Warfarin

A

Vitamin K antagonist

Anticoagulant
Interferes with hepatic synthesis of vitamin K dependent clotting factors through innovation of vitamin K epoxide reductase complex 1

Medications (4 decks)

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