Common Viral Pathogens Flashcards
What type of virus is herpes simplex type 1?
a
Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in herpes simplex type 1?
PI: Mucosal epithelium
L: Neuron (ganglia)
How is herpes simplex type 1 transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?
T: close contact
IP: 2-12 days (average 4)
Describe the disease entities of herpes simplex type 1. What are its clinical presentation?
Orofacial lesions and (some) genital lesions Encephalitis Herpes whitlow Herpes keratitis Neonatal herpes
How is herpes simplex type 1 diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?
- Viral culture of lesions
- Direct fluorescent Ab stain of lesions
- PCR of lesions
None of tests can distinguish between primary or recurrent infection
What are the treatments for herpes simplex type 1?
- Acycloguanosine (a nucleoside analog)
What types of prophylaxis exist for herpes simplex type 1?
- Oral antiviral suppressive therapy given to pts w/ frequent painful oral/genital herpes
- Used in pts who are sexually active w/ a partner who doesn’t have herpes
Taken once/twin daily and cannot miss days!!
What type of virus is herpes simplex type 2?
a
Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in herpes simplex type 2?
PI: Mucosal epithelium
L: Neuron (ganglia)
How is herpes simplex type 2 transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?
T: Close contact, usually sexual
IP: 2-12 days (average 4)
Describe the disease entities of herpes simplex type 2. What are its clinical presentation?
Genital lesions Encephalitis Herpes whitlow Herpes keratitis Neonatal herpes
How is herpes simplex type 2 diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?
- Viral culture of lesions
- Direct fluorescent Ab stain of lesions
- PCR of lesions
None of tests can distinguish between primary or recurrent infection
What are the treatments for herpes simplex type 2?
- Acycloguanosine (a nucleoside analog)
What types of prophylaxis exist for herpes simplex type 2?
- Oral antiviral suppressive therapy given to pts w/ frequent painful oral/genital herpes
- Used in pts who are sexually active w/ a partner who doesn’t have herpes
Taken once/twice daily and cannot miss days!!
What type of virus is varicella zoster virus?
a
Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in varicella zoster virus?
PI: Mucosal epithelium
L: Neuron (ganglia)
How is varicella zoster virus transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?
T: Contact or respiratory route
IP: 10-21 days
Describe the disease entities of varicella zoster virus. What is the clinical presentation?
Chickenpox (varicella)
Shingles (zoster)
How is varicella zoster virus diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?
V and Z both diagnosed clinically
In Z, direct fluorescent Ab, PCR, or viral culture used to diagnose
What are the treatments for varicella zoster virus?
V: often no therapy needed in kids — anti-virals needed in pts who are immunocompromised or pregnant, or have severe disease (teens/adults)
Z: Acyclovir, forms of pain control for neuropathic pain
What types of prophylaxis exist for varicella zoster virus?
V: Varicella vx - 2-dose series
Z: Zoster vx - 1 dose
What type of virus is cytomegalovirus?
a dsDNA virus
Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in cytomegalovirus?
PI: Epithelia, monocytes, lymphos
L: Monos, lymphos
How is cytomegalovirus transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?
T: Contact, blood transfusions, transplants, congenital, breast milk
IP: 2 weeks to 2 months
Describe the disease entities of cytomegalovirus. What are its clinical presentation?
Infectious mono
Burkitt lymphoma
CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised pts)
How is cytomegalovirus diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?
a
What are the treatments for cytomegalovirus?
a
What types of prophylaxis exist for cytomegalovirus?
a
Describe the virion structure of herpesviruses
a
Describe the replication cycle of herpesvirus.
a
What are primary infections?
a
Describe the concepts of latency and reactivation
a
Explain the clinical manifestations of primary infection for herpes simplex type 1
a
Explain the clinical manifestations of primary infection for herpes simplex type 2
a
Explain the clinical manifestations of reactivation of herpes simplex type 1
a
Explain the clinical manifestations of reactivation of herpes simplex type 2
a
Which of the herpesviruses have asymptomatic shedding associated with reactivation?
a
What are the complications of chickenpox?
a
To whom do we give the varicella vaccine? Discuss
a
To whom do we give the shingles vaccine? Discuss
a
Explain the importance of T-cell mediated immunity to varicella zoster virus infection
a
Explain the consequences of maternal herpesvirus infection during pregnancy. What is the risk of the infant developing neonatal HSV, or congenital VZV and CMV syndromes?
aa
Describe how CMV can be diagnosed histologically in infected tissues
a
How do you interpret serology (IgM and IgG tests) in the diagnosis of CMV disease?
a
