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D&D Unit 4 > Common Viral Pathogens > Flashcards

Common Viral Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

What type of virus is herpes simplex type 1?

A

a

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2
Q

Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in herpes simplex type 1?

A

PI: Mucosal epithelium

L: Neuron (ganglia)

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3
Q

How is herpes simplex type 1 transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?

A

T: close contact

IP: 2-12 days (average 4)

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4
Q

Describe the disease entities of herpes simplex type 1. What are its clinical presentation?

A 
Orofacial lesions and (some) genital lesions
Encephalitis
Herpes whitlow
Herpes keratitis
Neonatal herpes
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5
Q

How is herpes simplex type 1 diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?

A
  • Viral culture of lesions
  • Direct fluorescent Ab stain of lesions
  • PCR of lesions

None of tests can distinguish between primary or recurrent infection

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6
Q

What are the treatments for herpes simplex type 1?

A
  • Acycloguanosine (a nucleoside analog)
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7
Q

What types of prophylaxis exist for herpes simplex type 1?

A
  • Oral antiviral suppressive therapy given to pts w/ frequent painful oral/genital herpes
  • Used in pts who are sexually active w/ a partner who doesn’t have herpes

Taken once/twin daily and cannot miss days!!

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8
Q

What type of virus is herpes simplex type 2?

A

a

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9
Q

Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in herpes simplex type 2?

A

PI: Mucosal epithelium

L: Neuron (ganglia)

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10
Q

How is herpes simplex type 2 transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?

A

T: Close contact, usually sexual

IP: 2-12 days (average 4)

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11
Q

Describe the disease entities of herpes simplex type 2. What are its clinical presentation?

A 
Genital lesions
Encephalitis
Herpes whitlow
Herpes keratitis
Neonatal herpes
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12
Q

How is herpes simplex type 2 diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?

A
  • Viral culture of lesions
  • Direct fluorescent Ab stain of lesions
  • PCR of lesions

None of tests can distinguish between primary or recurrent infection

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13
Q

What are the treatments for herpes simplex type 2?

A
  • Acycloguanosine (a nucleoside analog)
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14
Q

What types of prophylaxis exist for herpes simplex type 2?

A
  • Oral antiviral suppressive therapy given to pts w/ frequent painful oral/genital herpes
  • Used in pts who are sexually active w/ a partner who doesn’t have herpes

Taken once/twice daily and cannot miss days!!

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15
Q

What type of virus is varicella zoster virus?

A

a

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16
Q

Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in varicella zoster virus?

A

PI: Mucosal epithelium

L: Neuron (ganglia)

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17
Q

How is varicella zoster virus transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?

A

T: Contact or respiratory route

IP: 10-21 days

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18
Q

Describe the disease entities of varicella zoster virus. What is the clinical presentation?

A

Chickenpox (varicella)

Shingles (zoster)

19
Q

How is varicella zoster virus diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?

A

V and Z both diagnosed clinically

In Z, direct fluorescent Ab, PCR, or viral culture used to diagnose

20
Q

What are the treatments for varicella zoster virus?

A

V: often no therapy needed in kids — anti-virals needed in pts who are immunocompromised or pregnant, or have severe disease (teens/adults)

Z: Acyclovir, forms of pain control for neuropathic pain

21
Q

What types of prophylaxis exist for varicella zoster virus?

A

V: Varicella vx - 2-dose series

Z: Zoster vx - 1 dose

22
Q

What type of virus is cytomegalovirus?

A

a dsDNA virus

23
Q

Which cells are targeted for primary infection and latency in cytomegalovirus?

A

PI: Epithelia, monocytes, lymphos

L: Monos, lymphos

24
Q

How is cytomegalovirus transmitted? What is it’s incubation period?

A

T: Contact, blood transfusions, transplants, congenital, breast milk

IP: 2 weeks to 2 months

25
Q

Describe the disease entities of cytomegalovirus. What are its clinical presentation?

A

Infectious mono
Burkitt lymphoma
CNS lymphoma (in immunocompromised pts)

26
Q

How is cytomegalovirus diagnosed? What are the key diagnostic tests used?

A

a

27
Q

What are the treatments for cytomegalovirus?

A

a

28
Q

What types of prophylaxis exist for cytomegalovirus?

A

a

29
Q

Describe the virion structure of herpesviruses

A

a

30
Q

Describe the replication cycle of herpesvirus.

A

a

31
Q

What are primary infections?

A

a

32
Q

Describe the concepts of latency and reactivation

A

a

33
Q

Explain the clinical manifestations of primary infection for herpes simplex type 1

A

a

34
Q

Explain the clinical manifestations of primary infection for herpes simplex type 2

A

a

35
Q

Explain the clinical manifestations of reactivation of herpes simplex type 1

A

a

36
Q

Explain the clinical manifestations of reactivation of herpes simplex type 2

A

a

37
Q

Which of the herpesviruses have asymptomatic shedding associated with reactivation?

A

a

38
Q

What are the complications of chickenpox?

A

a

39
Q

To whom do we give the varicella vaccine? Discuss

A

a

40
Q

To whom do we give the shingles vaccine? Discuss

A

a

41
Q

Explain the importance of T-cell mediated immunity to varicella zoster virus infection

A

a

42
Q

Explain the consequences of maternal herpesvirus infection during pregnancy. What is the risk of the infant developing neonatal HSV, or congenital VZV and CMV syndromes?

A

aa

43
Q

Describe how CMV can be diagnosed histologically in infected tissues

A

a

44
Q

How do you interpret serology (IgM and IgG tests) in the diagnosis of CMV disease?

A

a

D&D Unit 4 (18 decks)

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