Common Variable Immunodeficiency Flashcards
Q: What is Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)?
A: CVID is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by low levels of serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, and/or IgM) leading to an increased susceptibility to infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies.
Q: What are the typical clinical manifestations of CVID?
A: Patients with CVID often present with recurrent sinopulmonary infections (e.g., pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media), gastrointestinal infections, and chronic diarrhea. They may also have an increased risk of autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia and rheumatoid arthritis.
Q: How is CVID diagnosed?
A: CVID is diagnosed by measuring serum immunoglobulin levels, which are typically low. The diagnosis is confirmed by demonstrating poor or absent antibody responses to vaccines and/or natural infections, alongside exclusion of other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia.
Q: What are the characteristic laboratory findings in CVID?
A: Laboratory findings in CVID include low levels of IgG (and often IgA and/or IgM), normal or low B cell counts, and poor antibody response to vaccines.
Q: What is the treatment approach for patients with CVID?
A: The mainstay of treatment for CVID is immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IVIG or SCIG), which helps to reduce the frequency and severity of infections. Additionally, management of complications such as autoimmune disorders may be necessary.
Q: What is the association between CVID and gastrointestinal disorders?
A: Patients with CVID are at increased risk for gastrointestinal disorders, including chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-like symptoms, and intestinal lymphoid hyperplasia. They may also develop enteropathy or malabsorption.
