common terms in Recombinant technologies Flashcards
Biotechnology
a genetic manipulation. use of microorganisms to make practical products. e.g production of hormones, antibiotics
Recombinant DNA technology
modifying genomes of organism. often uses plasmids and restriction enzymes result eliminating undesirable phenotype traits of two organism ad create organism that make products
Gene cloning
creating plasmids containing a gene for insulin production
Genetics
Study of heredity and inherited characteristics
GMO (genetically modified organisms)
any organism who’s genetic material has been modified altered using genetic engineering techniques. its not natural. eg. plants, animals, microorganisms
Plasmids
small circular pieces of DNA which replicate independently from chromosome DNA.
Vectors
it is a type of plasmid which is inserted into the cell with gene information.
PCR (polymerase chain reaction) steps
1 denature- PCR mix is heated to 92-94C DNA strand separate. 2. Priming- PCR mix is cooled to 55C to let the primer anneal (stick) to DNA strand. 3. Extension- heat to 72C then polymerase copies DNA strand. 4. Repeat- process repeat for about 30 times
Genome projects
was an international scientific research project with a goal of determining the base pairs that make up human DNA started 1990-2003
Microbial communities
most microorganism never grown in laboratory. Scientists known them only by DNA finger printing or becteria from human mouth.
Agriculture
also called genetically modified organism (GMO)
Transgenic organism
Recombinant plants and animals altered by the addition of genes from another organism.
Herbicide Tolerance
Genes insrerted in the crops for resistance to Glyphosate (round up). farmers killweed without killing crops
Pest Resistance
Baccilus Thuringiensis toxin. naturally occuring toxin only harmful to insects.
improved nutrition
from Beta carotene human make vitamin A so researchers add three gene code of enzyme that make Beta Carotene into the brown rice so people can get enough Vitamin A
