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common terms Flashcards

1
Q

CHF

A

congestive heart failure

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2
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass grafting

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3
Q

MRSA

A

methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. it is a staph gern that doesn’t get cured with first line antibiotics

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4
Q

NKDA

A

No know drug allergy

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5
Q

ACS

A

acute coronary syndrome

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6
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

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7
Q

PE

A

pulmonary embolism

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8
Q

DVT

A

deep vein thrombosis

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9
Q

BTL

A

bilateral tubal ligation

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10
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemia attack/ mini stroke

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11
Q

ROM

A

range of motion

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12
Q

DNR- do not resuscitate

A

instructions to withhold resuscitation efforts. order given by physician after consulting with patient or surrogate decision maker or by medical command authority

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13
Q

NPO

A

not by mouth

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14
Q

DTR

A

deep tendon reflexes- physician will tap on tendon. if equal intensity on both sides, then normal. connections between spinal cord and muscles are normal.

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15
Q

Babinski reflex

A

when sole of foot tickled, then big toe curls upward. normal in infants however signs of CNS damage later in life

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16
Q

Homan’s sign

A

pain in the calf upon dorsiflexion of the foot with leg extended that is diagnostic of thrombosis in the deep vein area

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17
Q

distension

A

refers to an enlargement or ballooning effect

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18
Q

JVD-jugular venous distension

A

distended jugular vein in the neck

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19
Q

PERRL

A

pupils are equally rounded, responds to light, and accommodates.

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20
Q

scleral icterus

A

yellowing of the sclera due liver disease. such as hepatitis

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21
Q

cachectic

A

Having the appearance of cachexia or indicative of a loss of weight, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and significant loss of appetite in someone who is not COPD, or any degenerative or wasting disease.

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22
Q

cyanosis

A

is the appearance of a blue or purple coloration of the skin or mucous membranes due to the tissues near the skin surface being low on oxygen.

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23
Q

stridor

A

An abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or voice box (larynx). It is usually noted upon inspiration

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24
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

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25
Q

Mottled

A

An area of skin composed of macular lesions of varying shades or colors.

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26
Q

ecchymosis

A

bluish discoloration of an area of skin or mucous membrane caused by the extravasation of blood into the subcutaneous tissues as a result of trauma to the underlying blood vessels or fragility of the vessel walls.

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27
Q

erythema

A

redness or rash on the skin

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28
Q

petechiae

A

bleeding under the skin

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29
Q

pallor

A

appearing pale, especially in the face.

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30
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the spaces between tissues and organs in the cavity of the abdomen

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31
Q

rebound tenderness

A

a sensation of pain felt when pressure (as to the abdomen) is suddenly removed

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32
Q

orthopnea, guarding

A

difficulty in breathing that occurs when lying down and is relieved upon changing to an upright position (as in congestive heart failure).

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33
Q

crepitus

A

term to describe the grating, crackling or popping sounds and sensations experienced under the skin and joints or a crackling sensation due to the presence of air in the subcutaneous tissue.

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34
Q

decubitus

A

an ulceration of tissue deprived of adequate blood supply by prolonged pressure—also called decubitus ulcer, pressure sore

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35
Q

normocephallic

A

having a normal sized head

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36
Q

exudate

A

fluid, such as pus or clear fluid, that leaks out of blood vessels into nearby tissues. The fluid is made of cells, proteins, and solid materials. Exudate may ooze from cuts or from areas of infection or inflammation.

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37
Q

purulence

A

Pus, or the condition of containing or discharging pus

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38
Q

adenopathy

A

any disease or enlargement involving glandular tissue;: one involving lymph nodes

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39
Q

menigismus

A

A constellation of signs and Sx–eg, headache, neck stiffness suggestive of meningitis,

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40
Q

malaise

A

an indefinite feeling of debility or lack of health often indicative of or accompanying the onset of an illness

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41
Q

periorbital ecchymosis

A

A descriptive term for bilateral periorbital accumulations of blood or other substances. Also known as Racoon eyes

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42
Q

CVA- costovertebral angle

A

one of two angles that outline a space over the kidneys. The angle is formed by the lateral and downward curve of the lowest rib and the vertical column of the spine itself. CVA tenderness to percussion is a common finding in pyelonephritis and other infections of the kidney and adjacent structures.

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43
Q

rales

A

A type of abnormal respiratory or breath sounds heard on auscultation. The noise made can be described as a fine, rustling sound

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44
Q

ronchi

A

A whistling or snoring sounds heard on auscultation of the chest when air channels are partially obstructed.

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45
Q

torsion

A

the abnormal twisting or a bodily organ on its own axis

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46
Q

skin turgor

A

refers to the skins level of hydration, assessed by lightly pinching the skin upward and noting if it quickly returns to a normal state, decreased skin turgor is a sign of dehydration

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47
Q

stenosis

A

a narrowing or constriction of the diameter of a bodily passage or orifice

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48
Q

Battle’s sign

A

a discoloration behind the ear in the line of the posterior auricular artery often associated with a basilar skull fracture

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49
Q

Glasgow Coma Score

A

A neurological scale used to determine the level of consciousness of a patient.

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50
Q

hematoma

A

a mass of usually clotted blood that forms in a tissue, organ, or body space as a result of a broken blood vessel

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51
Q

ataxia

A

an inability to coordinate voluntary muscular movements that is symptomatic of some central nervous system disorders and injuries and not due to muscle weakness —called also incoordination

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52
Q

malocclusion

A

abnormality in the coming together of teeth

53
Q

edema

A

an abnormal infiltration and excess accumulation of serous fluid in connective tissue or in a serous cavity

54
Q

Kernig’s sign

A

symptom of meningitis; patient cannot extend the leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed because of stiffness in the hamstrings

55
Q

Brudzinski’s Sign

A

is the appearance of involuntary lifting of the legs when lifting a patient’s head off the examining couch, with the patient lying supine

56
Q

induration

A

a hardened mass or formation

57
Q

flail chest

A

paradoxical movement of the chest and is usually caused by trauma to the chest. If a person suffers from broken ribs or punctured lungs, the air movement is reversed. Instead of chest expansion on inhalation, you will notice the skin being sucked in.

58
Q

trismus

A

a prolonged tonic spasm of the muscles of the jaw

59
Q

Arcus Senilis

A

a white, gray, or blue opaque ring in the corneal margin (peripheral corneal opacity), or white ring in front of the periphery of the iris.

60
Q

hematuria

A

bloody urine

61
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive thirst

62
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swalowing

63
Q

emesis

A

vomit

64
Q

hemoptysis

A

bloody sputum

65
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

66
Q

rhinorrhea

A

runny nose

67
Q

diarrhea

A

abnormally frequent intestinal evacuations with more or less fluid stools

68
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

69
Q

hematochezia

A

a passage of blood in feces

70
Q

melena

A

the passage of dark tarry stools containing decomposing blood that is usually an indication of bleeding in the upper part of the alimentary canal and especially the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

71
Q

abrasion

A

the rubbing or scraping of the surface layer of cells or tissue from an area of the skin or mucous membrane

72
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

73
Q

paresthesia

A

a sensation of pricking, tingling, or creeping on the skin having no objective cause and usually associated with injury or irritation of a sensory nerve or nerve root

74
Q

syncope

A

loss of consciousness resulting from insufficient blood flow to the brain.

75
Q

hypo/hyper-kalemia

A

def or inc of potassium in the blood

76
Q

hypo/hyper-calcemia

A

def or inc of calcium in the blood

77
Q

hypo/hyper-magnesemia

A

def or increase of magnesium in the blood

78
Q

hypo/hyper-natremia

A

def or inc of sodium in the blood

79
Q

febrile

A

having or showing symptoms of fever

80
Q

hemorrhage

A

a copious amount of blood lost from vessels

81
Q

lingual

A

pertaining to the tongue

82
Q

ileus

A

blockage of intestines from lack of peristalsis

83
Q

nares

A

nostrils

84
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

85
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

86
Q

oropharnyx

A

the part of the pharynx that is below the soft palate and above the epiglottis and is continuous with the mouth

87
Q

palpate

A

to examine by touch

88
Q

auscultation

A

the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment

89
Q

stellate

A

shaped like a star. having multiple branches radiating from a central point

90
Q

dentition

A

the character of a set of teeth esp with regard to their number kind, kind, and arrangement.

91
Q

dental caries

A

tooth decay

92
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal of gallbladder

93
Q

nephrolithiasis

A

having renal stones

94
Q

cerumen

A

earwax

95
Q

effusion

A

the escape of a fluid from anatomical vessels by rupture or exudation

96
Q

pyresis

A

of, pertaining to, affected by, or producing fever. For example, Anti-pyretic medications are designed to lower fevers

97
Q

anesthesia: medication designed to take away pain.

A

1) Local: numbs one small area of the body. You stay awake and alert.
2) Conscious or intravenous (IV) sedation: uses a mild sedative to relax you and pain medicine to relieve pain. You stay awake but may not remember the procedure afterwards.
3) Regional anesthesia: blocks pain in an area of the body, such an arm or leg. Epidural anesthesia, which is sometimes used during childbirth, is a type of regional anesthesia.
4) General anesthesia: affects your whole body. You go to sleep and feel nothing. You have no memory of the procedure afterwards.

98
Q

sepsis

A

blood poisoning. the general term used by medical professionals to describe a body state of systemic inflammation, resulting from a widespread infection.

99
Q

arrhythmia

A

an alteration in rhythm of the heartbeat either in time or force

100
Q

laparoscopy

A

is a modern surgical technique in which operations in the abdomen are performed through small incisions. Also known as minimally invasive surgery

101
Q

laparotomy

A

A surgical procedure involving a large incision through the abdominal wall to gain access into the abdominal cavity. It is also known as celiotomy

102
Q

aneurysm

A

an abnormal widening or ballooning of a portion of an artery due to weakness in the wall of the blood vessel

103
Q

ischemia

A

A decrease in the blood supply to a bodily organ, tissue, or part caused by constriction or obstruction of the blood vessels

104
Q

CVA- cerebrovascular attack

A

a stroke, is the rapid loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain

105
Q

meninges

A

membranes that cover the spinal cord and brain- the CNS

106
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

degenerative brain disease of unknown cause that is the most common form of dementia, that usually starts in late middle age or in old age, that results in progressive memory loss, impaired thinking, disorientation, and changes in personality and mood

107
Q

pyelonephritis

A

inflammation of both the lining of the pelvis and the parenchyma of the kidney

108
Q

CT scan

A

computerized tomography image scanning

109
Q

MRI

A

magnetic resonance image

110
Q

post-ictal

A

occurs after sudden epileptic attack or seizure

111
Q

tinnitus

A

ringing in the ears

112
Q

tinea

A

any of several fungal diseases on the skin. esp ringworm

113
Q

vertigo

A

a sensation of motion associated with various disorders in which the individual or the individual’s surroundings seem to whirl dizzily, dizziness

114
Q

pleurisy

A

inflammation of the pleura that is typically characterized by sudden onset, painful and difficult respiration, and exudation of fluid or fibrinous material into the pleural cavity—called also pleuritis

115
Q

fascia

A

a type of connective tissue that covers or binds together body structures.

116
Q

ligament

A

connective tissue connecting bones to bones

117
Q

tendon

A

connective tissue connecting muscle to bone

118
Q

gingiva

A

gums

119
Q

dehiscence

A

a separation of layers. esp of parting of the sutured lips of a surgical wound

120
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menstruation

121
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

122
Q

EtOH

A

ethanol. found in alcoholic beverages.

123
Q

adnexa

A

conjoined, subordinate, or associated anatomic parts. The uterine adnexa include the ovaries and fallopian tubes

124
Q

fasciculation

A

small involuntary muscle twitch

125
Q

diabetes mellitus

A

a metabolic disorder that results from inadequete insulin secretion

126
Q

mechanism of injury

A

manner in which injuries occur. actions or object that caused trauma or injury

127
Q

nitroglycerin

A

medication that dilates blood vessels and decreases the workload on the heart; often used to treat angina pectoris

128
Q

nonbreather mask

A

device used to deliver high concentrations of oxygen to patients in acute respiratory distress; has a reservoir bag and a one-way valve to prevent rebreathing

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