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Bio 264 > Common Terminology > Flashcards

Common Terminology Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Integumentary System

A

hair, skin, nails, sweat glands (functions to protect body from damage, control body temperature, impede loss of water, assist in production of vitamin D).

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2
Q

Skeletal System

A

bones, related cartilage, joints, ligaments (framework of the body; lends support, protection, creates blood cells, permits movement, and provides storage for fat and minerals).

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3
Q

Muscular System:

A

muscles and tendons (facilitate movement, generate body heat, and sustain posture).

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4
Q

Lymphatic System

A

lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, various organs (eliminates foreign materials from circulation, fight illness, regulate tissue fluid level, absorbs fatty acids contained in the digestive tract).

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5
Q

Respiratory System:

A

lungs, airways, respiratory muscles (exchanges molecules of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the external environment and the blood. Also maintains blood pH).

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6
Q

Digestive System

A

mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and various organs (mechanical and chemical digestion of food, absorbing nutrients, and expelling waste products from the body).

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7
Q

Nervous System:

A

brain, spinal cord, nerves, sensory receptors (sensory perception, exercising control over body movement, cognitive reasoning, and vast array of physiological processes).

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8
Q

Endocrine System

A

pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, and glands (release of hormones; influences growth and development, metabolism, reproduction, and other physiological processes).

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9
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

heart, blood vessels, blood (utilizes blood as vehicle; distributes gases, nutrients, hormones, and waste products. Also helps with immune response and body temperature

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10
Q

Urinary System

A

kidneys, urinary bladder, ureters, and urethra (maintain blood pH, regulate water balance, expel waste products from blood).

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11
Q

Reproductive System

A

The female reproductive system includes ovaries, uterus, mammary glands, vagina, and other structures (produces oocytes, provides location for fertilization and fetal development. Also produces hormones which facilitate lactation and sexual behaviors and functions). The male reproductive system includes the penis, testes, various other structures (production of sperm cells and hormones which facilitate sexual behaviors and functions).

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12
Q

Superior:

A

above (ex: head is superior to feet).

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13
Q

Inferior

A

below (ex: feet are inferior to the head).

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14
Q

Cephalic

A

relative term meaning nearer to the head (ex: collar bone is cephalic to the sternum).

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15
Q

Caudal

A

relative term meaning nearer to the tail (ex: sternum is caudal to the collar bone).

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16
Q

Anterior:

A

toward the front of the body (ex: the nose is anterior to the brain).

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17
Q

Posterior

A

toward the back of the body (ex: the brain is posterior to the nose)

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18
Q

Ventral

A

toward the belly; equivalent to anterior (ex: the breast is ventral to the spine)

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19
Q

Dorsal:

A

toward the back; equivalent to posterior (ex: the spine is dorsal to the breast).

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20
Q

Proximal:

A

nearer to point of reference or attachment (ex: the shoulder is proximal to the elbow or the elbow is proximal to the wrist)

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21
Q

Distal

A

farther away from a point of reference or attachment (ex: the elbow is distal to the shoulder or the wrist is distal to the elbow.

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22
Q

Lateral

A

away from the median plane of the body (ex: the shoulder is lateral to the head or the ear is lateral to the brain).

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23
Q

Medial:

A

toward median plane of the body (ex: the head is medial to the shoulder or the nose is medial to the cheek).

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24
Q

Superficial

A

toward, at, or pertaining to the surface (ex: the skin is superficial to the muscles).

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25
Q

Deep:

A

away from or below the surface (ex: the muscles are deep to the skin).

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26
Q

a- or an-

A

without or lacking (ex: anorexia)

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27
Q

ab-

A

away from (ex: abduct)

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28
Q

ad-

A

toward or adjacent to (ex: adduct)

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29
Q

anti-

A

against, opposed, or inhibitive (ex: antihistamine

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30
Q

arthr-

A

joint (ex: arthroscopy)

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31
Q

auto-

A

self (ex: autoimmune disease)

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32
Q

bi-

A

two (ex: biceps)

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33
Q

bio-

A

life (ex: biology)

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34
Q

carcin-

A

cancer or tumor (ex: carcinogen)

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35
Q

cardio-

A

heart (ex: cardiology)

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36
Q

cephal-

A

head (ex: encephalitis)

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37
Q

cerebro-

A

brain (ex: CVA or cerebrovascular accident)

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38
Q

chondr-

A

cartilage (ex: chondrogenesis)

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39
Q

circum-

A

around or round about (ex: circumcision)

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40
Q

co-

A

with or together (ex: cofactor)

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41
Q

contra-

A

against or in opposition to (ex: contraindication)

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42
Q

derm-

A

skin (ex: dermatologist)

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43
Q

di-

A

two (ex: disaccharide)

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44
Q

dys-

A

difficult or abnormal (ex: dyslexia)

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45
Q

ecto-

A

outside or external (ex: ectopic)

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46
Q

-ectomy

A

to excise or cut out (ex: cholecystectomy)

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47
Q

endo-

A

inside or within (ex: endocardium)

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48
Q

epi-

A

upon or above (ex: epidermis)

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49
Q

erythro-

A

red (ex: erythrocyte)

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50
Q

eu-

A

well, good, or true (ex: eukaryote)

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51
Q

ex-

A

out of or outside (ex: excretion)

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52
Q

glyco-

A

sweet or sugar (ex: glycogenolysis)

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53
Q

hemi-

A

half (ex: hemipalegia)

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54
Q

hepat-

A

liver (ex: hepatocyte)

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55
Q

hist-

A

tissue (ex: histology)

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56
Q

hydro-

A

water or liquid (ex: hydrocele)

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57
Q

hyper-

A

in excess (ex: hyperglycemia)

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58
Q

hypo-

A

below normal or under (ex: hypoglycemia)

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59
Q

infra-

A

beneath or underneath (ex: infrapatellar)

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60
Q

inter-

A

between (ex: interosseous

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61
Q

intra-

A

within or inside of (ex: intramuscular)

62
Q

iso-

A

equal ex: isotope)

63
Q

leuko-

A

white (ex: leukocytosis)

64
Q

macro-

A

large (ex: macrophage)

65
Q

melano-

A

black (ex: melanoma)

66
Q

micro-

A

small (ex: microscope)

67
Q

mono-

A

one (ex: monosaccharide)

68
Q

multi-

A

many or multiple (ex: multicellular)

69
Q

myo-

A

muscle (ex: myocardial infarction)

70
Q

neo-

A

new (ex: neovascularization)

71
Q

nephro-

A

kidney (ex: cystic nephron)

72
Q

neuro-

A

nerve (ex: neuroglia)

73
Q

oculo-

A

eye (ex: ocular)

74
Q

odonto-

A

tooth (ex: orthodontist)

75
Q

oligo-

A

deficient or few (ex: oligochromemia)

76
Q

opthalm-

A

eye (ex: ophthalmology)

77
Q

osteo-

A

bone (ex: osteoporosis)

78
Q

oto-

A

ear (ex: otology)

79
Q

para-

A

alongside or beyond (ex: parathyroid glands)

80
Q

peri-

A

around (ex: pericardium)

81
Q

pneumo-

A

air or gas; pertaining to the lungs (ex: pneumonia)

82
Q

pod-

A

foot (ex: podiatrist)

83
Q

poly-

A

many or much (ex: polysaccharide)

84
Q

post-

A

behind or after (ex: post-traumatic)

85
Q

pre- or pro-

A

prior to or in front of (ex: prehypertension)

86
Q

pseudo-

A

false (ex: pseudostratified epithelium)

87
Q

sarco

A

flesh (ex: sarcomere)

88
Q

semi-

A

half or partially (ex: semipermeable)

89
Q

sclero-

A

Hard (ex: scleroderma)

90
Q

somato-

A

body (ex: somatic)

91
Q

steno-

A

narrow or close (ex: aortic stenosis)

92
Q

sub-

A

below or under (ex: subclavian)

93
Q

sym- or syn-

A

with or together (ex: symphysis pubis and synchondrosis)

94
Q

tachy-

A

fast or rapid (ex: tachycardia)

95
Q

trans-

A

across or through (ex: transcutaneous)

96
Q

viscer-

A

pertaining to internal organs (ex: visceral fat)

97
Q

-able

A

capable of (ex: teachable)

98
Q

-algia

A

pain (ex: fibromyalgia)

99
Q

-blast

A

bud, usually referring to cells which are primitive in nature (ex: Chondroblast)

100
Q

-clast

A

pertaining to breaking or tearing down (ex: osteoclast)

101
Q

-cyte

A

cell (ex: hepatocyte)

102
Q

-duct

A

to lead or draw (ex: adduct and abduct)

103
Q

-emia

A

blood (ex: leukemia)

104
Q

-genesis

A

origin or production (ex: glycogenesis)

105
Q

-gram

A

A drawing (ex: sonogram)

106
Q

-graph

A

instrument used to record (ex: angiography)

107
Q

-itis

A

inflammation (ex: tonsilitis)

108
Q

-logy

A

study of (ex: cardiology)

109
Q

-lysis

A

to break down or decompose (ex: glycogenolysis)

110
Q

-oid

A

resembling (ex: arachnoid mater)

111
Q

-oma

A

tumor (ex: carcinoma)

112
Q

-pathy

A

disease or disorder (ex: cardiomyopathy)

113
Q

-phag

A

to eat or to feed (ex: phagocytosis)

114
Q

-phil

A

to love or have an affinity for (ex: hydrophilic)

115
Q

-stasis

A

stop or stable state (ex: homeostasis)

116
Q

-stomy

A

surgical procedure in which an artificial opening is established (ex: colostomy)

117
Q

ACh

A

acetylcholine

118
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

119
Q

ANS

A

autonomic nervous system

120
Q

ATP

A

adenosine triphosphate

121
Q

AMP

A

adenosine monophosphate

122
Q

cAMP

A

cyclic adenosine monophosphate

123
Q

CO2

A

carbon dioxide

124
Q

DNA

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

125
Q

ECG/EKG

A

electrocardiogram

126
Q

FAD

A

flavin adenine diphosphate

127
Q

FADH2

A

reduced flavin adenine diphosphate

128
Q

GMP

A

guanosine monophosphate

129
Q

cGMP

A

cyclic guanosine monophosphate

130
Q

H+

A

hydrogen ion (acid)

131
Q

H2CO3

A

carbonic acid

132
Q

HCO3-

A

bicarbonate ion

133
Q

H2O2

A

hydrogen peroxide

134
Q

HCl

A

hydrochloric acid

135
Q

HDL

A

high-density lipoprotein

136
Q

HR

A

heart rate

137
Q

Kg

A

kilogram

138
Q

L

A

liter

139
Q

LDL

A

low-density lipoprotein

140
Q

mOsm

A

milliosmole

141
Q

mV

A

millivolt

142
Q

Na+

A

sodium ion

143
Q

NaCl

A

sodium chloride

144
Q

NAD+

A

nicotinamide adenine dinucletide

145
Q

NADH

A

reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucletide

146
Q

NH3

A

ammonia

147
Q

NH4

A

ammonium

148
Q

NO

A

nitric oxide

149
Q

O2

A

oxygen

150
Q

OH-

A

hydroxide

151
Q

Pi

A

inorganic phosphate

Bio 264 (1 decks)

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