common surgical problems

Question 1

6 weeks

milky vomit

Answer 1

pyloric stenosis

Question 2

what must be ruled out if a baby is vomiting green

Answer 2

malrotation

Question 3

6 months
‘recurrent jelly’ in nappy
tummy feels hard
green vomiting

Answer 3

intususseption

Question 4

6 yrs
vomiting
refuses to jump up and down

Answer 4

appendicitis

Question 5

untreated pyloric stenosis

Answer 5

baby will become dehydrated and will not gain weight
less frequent wet nappies
sunken fontanella
lethargy

Question 6

fever
cough
maculopapular rash
small white lesions on oral mucosa

Answer 6

measles

Question 7

unwell
fever
noisy breathing
drooling

Answer 7

epiglottitis

Question 8

cough
inspiratory stridor
hot
runny nose

Answer 8

parainfluenza virus (croup)

Question 9

dry cough
high pitched expiratory wheeze
chest hyper inflated

Answer 9

RSV (bronchiolitis)

Question 10

commonest cause of uncomplicated UTI in kids

Answer 10

E coli

Question 11

1 wk hx of cold and coughing fits

seems to stop breathing at the end of the fits

Answer 11

pertussis (whooping cough)

Question 12

is pertussis contageous

Answer 12

highly

Question 13

bit of mullein duct structure left over on top of scrotum

Answer 13

hyatid of morgagni

Question 14

paraphimosis

Answer 14

foreskin stuck

Question 15

hypospadias

Answer 15

urine coming out the wrong place

Question 16

hydrocele - does it need urgent treatment?

Answer 16

no
wait till 2 years because it might close naturally
shouldn’t be sore :)

Question 17

does balantis xerotica obliterans need treatment?

Answer 17

yes need operation

NO steroids

Question 18

physiological fibrosis
is penis abnormal?
is op needed?

Answer 18

penis looks abnormal but is fine
mild steroid cream
no op

Question 19

red and itchy scrotum

not sore

Answer 19

idiopathic scrotal oedema

Question 20

headaches - symptoms of concern 
time of day?
worse with?
associated?
disturbance of ? / ?
nerve.. ?

what are these signs of?

Answer 20

concern if

headache on waking
worse with coughing/bending 
associated bending 
disturbance of vision / gait 
CN palsy 

all signs of ^ ICP

Question 21

red flag murmurs

Answer 21

any diastolic 
loud > grade 3 
harsh 
assoc thrill 
radiate widely 
assoc breathless, poor feeding, pallor, sweating, syncope

Question 22

CF
what can’t be transported out of cells?
what does this lead to?
aut dom or rec?

Answer 22

chloride + therefore water
sticky mucus lining organs
problems with respiration
bulky stools

aut rec

Question 23

long face
large ears
flat feet
extremely flexible joints

Answer 23

fragile X

Question 24

phenylketonuria
aut dom or rec
what is affected?

Answer 24

aut rec

affects the way the body processes protein