Common Substances and Separation of Mixtures Flashcards
What are the separation techniques for Homogeneous SOLID-LIQUID mixtures? (2)
Evaporation
Recrystallization
What are the separation techniques for Homogeneous LIQUID-LIQUID mixtures? (2)
Distillation
Chromatography
What are the separation techniques for Heterogeneous SOLID-SOLID? (3)
Manual Picking
Sieving
Use of Magnets
What are the separation techniques for Heterogeneous SOLID-LIQUID? (4)
Filtration
Sedimentation
Decantation
Centrifugation
What are HOMOGENEOUS mixtures?
A combination of two or more substances that cannot be distinguished from each other.
It has UNIFORM composition and properties.
What are HETEROGENEOUS mixtures?
A combination of two or more substances
that can be distinguished from each other.
It has VARYING compositions and properties.
What are MIXTURES?
Combinations of two or more pure substances in which each substance retains its own composition and properties.
What are the TWO classifications of mixtures?
HOMOGENEOUS and HETEROGENEOUS
What are the TWO classifications of HETEROGENEOUS mixtures?
SUSPENSION and COLLOID
HOMOGENEOUS mixtures are also called?
SOLUTION
What is a SUSPENSION?
A heterogeneous mixture whose solutes do not completely dissolve.
What is a COLLOID?
A heterogeneous mixture whose solute-like particles are dispersed in a medium.
A homogeneous mixture, based on its uniform appearance, could suggest that it is “pure” in terms of composition.
WHY can we assume this?
Its one-phase appearance is due to the uniform distribution of its components all throughout.
What is EVAPORATION?
The phase transition of matter from LIQUID to VAPOR.
This separation technique is often employed in solid-liquid mixtures where a solid solute is dissolved in a liquid solvent.
What is an example of using EVAPORATION?
SALTWATER.
The salt in saltwater is separated using evaporation. The water will evaporate and will create vapor that will leave the salt alone.
What is RECRYSTALLIZATION?
A separation technique based on the DIFFERENCE in SOLUBILITIES of SUBSTANCES in an appropriate solvent at an ELEVATED TEMPERATURE.
The method requires dissolving the solid compound in an appropriate solvent at an elevated temperature.
What is an example of SOLUTE? SOLVENT?
salt + water = saltwater
salt is SOLUTE
water is SOLVENT
saltwater is SOLUTION
What is DISTILLATION?
Separation is based on the difference in boiling points between the two liquid components.
There must be a LARGE DIFFERENCE between the boiling points of the components so that this separation technique can work.
TRUE
Which component will evaporate FIRST during DISTILLATION?
The component with the LOWER BOILING POINT.
Explain the process of distillation of isopropyl alcohol and water.
The component with the lower boiling point will evaporate first.
(in this case, the ALCOHOL.)
The evaporated component is now VAPOR.
VAPOR moves through the CONDENSER.
(condenser aids in the CONDENSATION of the vapor)
Vapor COOLS down (because of the cold water in the condenser) and it turns into LIQUID AGAIN [gas to liquid]
The condensed liquid aka DISTILLATE is collected in another container.
- RESIDUE is the component with the HIGHER boiling point. (the one that REMAINED)
-DISTILLATE is the then vapor now liquid. (with the LOWER boiling point)
What is CHROMATOGRAPHY?
It is a separation technique that relies on the differential partition of the components between the two important phases in chromatography.
What are the TWO IMPORTANT phases in chromatography?
MOBILE PHASE
-the solvent (e.g., the water that moves upward because of the paper that absorbed the water)
STATIONARY PHASE
-the absorbent material/PAPER. DOES NOT MOVE.
The result of a chromatography experiment is called a?
It is the visual record of the result of the separation process.
CHROMATOGRAM
Ink during the chromatogram process cannot really be separated/retrieved. It can only show the different components/colors that COMPRISED the ink.
TRUE
What is MANUAL SEPARATION?
Separation of hetero solid to solid using HANDS.
What is USING OF MAGNET?
Separation of hetero solid to solid using MAGNETS
e.g., iron fillings and sulfur powder mixture can be separated by magnets.
What is FILTRATION?
The process of separating solids from liquids by
allowing the mixture to pass through a FILTERING MATERIAL.
Filters can be used to separate
suspended solids from liquids.
TRUE
What is an example of separation using filtration?
Coffee grounds and Brewed coffee separated with filter paper
What is RESIDUE?
What is FILTRATE?
reSidue- Solid (leftovers)
aka the ones collected on the filter paper.
fiLtrate- Liquid
What is SEDIMENTATION?
A process in which suspended solids will EVENTUALLY separate from liquids by GRAVITY.
Once the solid particles settle at the bottom, the liquid may be separated through decantation.
What is an example of separation using SEDIMENTATION?
sand and water mixture
the sand will settle at the bottom, then you can already differentiate and separate the sand from the water
What is DECANTATION?
The REMOVAL of the liquid components from solid
sediment by POURING the liquid out of the container gently to avoid the solid particles to suspend again.
What is an example of separation using DECANTATION?
sand and water mixture
pour the water to a second container to isolate or leave the sand alone from the first container.
What is CENTRIFUGATION?
A process in which the suspension or colloid is ROTATED at
very high speeds.
It uses a machine called a CENTRIFUGE that rotates the sample.
What is an example of separation using CENTRIFUGATION?
Separating COMPONENTS OF BLOOD.
(plasma, RBC, and WBC & platelets)
the machine will shake and rotate @ VERY HIGH SPEEDS.
