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Infection and Immunity > Common Stuff > Flashcards

Common Stuff Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of pyelonephritis

A

E.coli

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2
Q

Pyelonephritis - Common causes

A 
Klebsiella pneumoniae 
Enterococcus
E.coli 
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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3
Q

AB for E.coli Prostatitis

A

Ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin for 14 days

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4
Q

Common cause of tonsillitis

A

Streptococcus pyogenes

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5
Q

What type of bacteria is Strep.pyogenes ?

A

β-haemolytic streptococcus

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6
Q

Chlamydia - treatment

A

Single 1g dose of azithromycin

Plus 7 days doxycycline

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7
Q

Chlamydia - cause

A

Chlamydia trachomatis - Gram negative intracellular bacteria

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8
Q

What is gonorrhoea ?

A

Caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae gram negative diplococcus which infects mucous membranes with columnar epithelium

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9
Q

Gonorrhoea - treatment

A

Single dose Ceftriaxone IM dose

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10
Q

Pyelonephritis - treatment

A

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin

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11
Q

First and Second Line Pregnant Patient With UTI

A

Nitrofurantoin

Cephalexin or amoxicillin

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12
Q

Causes of atypical pneumonia

A

Chlamydia psittaci
Coxiella burnetii
Legionella pneumophila
Mycoplasma pneumoniae

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13
Q

Complication of Clostridium difficile infection

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

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14
Q

When is Co-amoxiclav contraindicated ?

A

Penicillin allergy

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15
Q

Pulmonary TB treatment

A 
Rifampicin 
Isoniazid 
Pyrazinamide 
Erythromycin 
Ethambutol
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16
Q

Treatments for S.aureus

A

Cefotaxime
Clarithromycin
Flucloxacillin
Vancomycin

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17
Q

Which heart valve is most commonly affected in infective endocarditis?

A

Tricuspid

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18
Q

What type of bacteria is Neisseria spp

A

Gram-negative diplococcus

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19
Q

ABs which inhibit cell wall synthesis

A

Benzylpenicillin
Cefotaxime
Teicoplanin
Vancomycin

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20
Q

The most common cause of bacterial pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

21
Q

Bacterial causes of meningitis

A

Listeria monocytogenes
Neisseria meningitis
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumonia

22
Q

Most common cause of meningitis ?

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

23
Q

Most common cause of meningitis following hospital admission

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

24
Q

What cause of meningitis is high risk for pregnant women ?

A

Neisseria meningitis

25
Q

Which cause of pneumonia is most typically associated with AIDS?

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii

26
Q

Side effect of isoniazid

A

Pins and needles

27
Q

Side effect of rifampicin

A

Red/orange urine

28
Q

Side effect of pyrazinamide

A

Gout

29
Q

Side effect of ethambutol

A

Colour blindness

30
Q

What is CURB65 used to calculate ?

A

Severity index for patients with pneumonia in hospital

31
Q

What does CURB65 stand for ?

A

Confusion, Urea, Respiration Rate, Blood Pressure, age 65

32
Q

What notifiable diseases ?

A 
Enteric fever 
Leprosy 
Measles 
Tuberculosis 
COVID 19
33
Q

What is immunised in the 6-1 vaccine for babies ?

A 
Haemophilus influenzae type B (HiB)
Hepatitis B
Polio
Tetanus
Whooping cough 
Diphtheria
34
Q

Which of the following is the most common cause of GBS?

A

Campylobacter jejuni

35
Q

Viral causes of GBS

A

Cytomegalovirus

EBV

36
Q

What is first line treatment for confirmed syphilis ?

A

Benzathine penicillin

37
Q

What is second line treatment for syphilis ?

A

Azithromycin

38
Q

Meningitis -primary care

A

Benzylpenicillin

39
Q

Prophylactic treatment for meningococcal meningitis

A

Ciprofloxacin and rifampicin

40
Q

What is the mode of action of Naproxen?

A

Non-selective inhibitor of COX 1 and COX 2 enzymes

41
Q

Clive, a 64-year-old male, develops osteomyelitis after a total knee replacement. A culture
is sent to the microbiologists. The causative organism is purple and circular on gram stain,
produces bubbles on a catalase test and is positive for coagulase.
What is the causative organism?

A

Staphylococcus aureus

42
Q

Charlie, a 19-year-old student, returns from his gap year backpacking in India. He presents
to his GP 2 weeks later after noticing the whites of his eyes turning yellow. He is otherwise
well. He smokes 5 cigarettes a day and drinks occasionally. He denies any intravenous drug
use. The GP suspects that he has hepatitis. Which of the following is most likely?

A
  • Hepatitis A
43
Q

A 43-year-old woman presents with malaise, joint pain and jaundice for the past 2 months.
A hepatitis screen is performed and the results are:
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)- positive
Hepatitis B ‘e’ antigen (HBeAg) – positive
Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) – positive
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Acute hepatitis B infection

44
Q

Surface antigens (HBsAg) indicate what ?

A

Indicate active infection or just been vaccinated

45
Q

Core antibody (HBcAb) indicates what ?

A

Implies past or current infection

46
Q

E antigen (HBeAg) indicates ?

A

Marker of viral replication, implies high infectivity

47
Q

Surface antibody (HBsAb) indicates what ?

A

Implies vaccination or past or current infection

48
Q

What is neutrophilla ?

A

Neutrophilia is a high neutrophil count.

49
Q

Joshua is a 14-year-old with known sickle cell disease. He is brought into A&E experiencing
intense pain in his legs. Which of the following is most likely to have triggered his sickle
cell crisis?

A

Parvovirus B19

Infection and Immunity (2 decks)

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