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NPTE Integumentary PT > Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Inflammation - causes itching, redness, skin lesions

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2
Q

Causes of Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Allergic or contact dermatitis
Actinic: photosensitivity, reaction to sunlight
Atopic: etiology is unknown, associated with allergic, hereditary, or psychological disorders

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3
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Stages - Acute

A

Acute - red, oozing, crusting rash, extensive erosions, exudate, pruritic vesicles

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4
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Stages - Subacute

A

erythematous skin, scaling, scattered plaques

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5
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Stages - Chronic

A

Thickened skin, inc skin marking secondary to scratching, fibrotic papules, and nodules, postinflammatory pigmentation changes

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6
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Precautions or contraindiciations

A

Some PT modalities

Avoid use of alcohol

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7
Q

Bacterial infections happen how

A

bacteria enter through portals in the skin (abrasions or puncture wounds)

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8
Q

Bacterial infections - Impetigo

A

Superficial skin infection caused by staph or strep
Associated with inflammation, small pus filled vesicles, itching
Contagious, common in kids and elderly

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9
Q

Bacterial infections - Cellulitis

A

Suppurative inflammation of cellular or CT in or close to skin - usually poorly defined and wide spread
Strep or Staph infection common - can be contagious
Skin is hot, red, edematous

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10
Q

Bacterial infections - Cellulitis - Management and what if untreated

A

Management with antibiotics, elevation, cool, wet dressings

If untreated can lead to lymphangitis, gangrene, abscess, or sepsis

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11
Q

Bacterial infections - Cellulitis - Who is at increased risk

A

elderly with diabetes, wounds, malnutrition or those on steroid therapy

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12
Q

Bacterial infections - Abscess

A

A cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue
Result of a localized infection
Commonly a staph infection

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13
Q

Bacterial infections - Abscess healing is facilitated by

A

draining or incising the abscess

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14
Q

Viral infections - Herpes 1 (herpes simplex)

A

Itching and soreness, followed by vesicular erruption of the skin on the face or mouth
Cold sore or fever blister

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15
Q

Viral infections - Herpes 2

A

Common cause of vesicular genital eruption
Spread by sexual contact
In newborns can cause miningoencephalitis - can be fatal

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16
Q

Viral infections - herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Caused by varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)

Reactivation of the virus lying dormant in cerebral ganglia or ganglia of post nerve roots

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17
Q

Viral infections - herpes zoster (shingles) - s/s

A

Pain and tingling affected spinal or cranial nerve dermatome
progresses to red papules along distribution of infected nerve
red papules progressing to vesicles develop along a dermatome
Usually also have fever, chills, malaise, GI disturbances

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18
Q

Viral infections - herpes zoster (shingles) - contraindications

A

heat or ultrasound - can worsen severity of sx

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19
Q

Viral infections - warts

A

Common, benign infection by human papilloma virus

Transmission through direct contact, autoinoculation is possible

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20
Q

Fungal infections - Ringworm (tinea corporis)

A

Fungal infection involving the hair, skin, or nails
Forms ring shaped patches with vesicles or scales
Itchy - transmission through direct contact

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21
Q

Fungal infections - Athletes foot (tinea pedis)

A

Fungal infection of foot - typically between toes
Causes erythema, inflammation, pruritus, itching, and pain
Can progress to bacterial infection, cellulitis if untreated

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22
Q

Fungal infections - transmission

A

person to person or animal to person

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23
Q

Parasitic infections - caused by

A

insect and animal contacts

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24
Q

Parasitic infections - scabies (mites)

A

Burrow into skin, causing inflammation, itching and possibly pruritus

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25
Q

Parasitic infections - lice (pediculosis)

A

a parasite that can affect head, body, genital area with bite marks, redness, and nits

26
Q

Parasitic infections - transmission

A

person to person or sexually transmitted

avoid direct contact

27
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis

A

Chronic autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by erythematous plaques covered with a silvery scale
Common on ears, scalp, knees, elbows, genitalia

28
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis - common complaints

A

itchy, pain from dry and cracked lesions

29
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis - precipitating factors

A

trauma, infection, pregnancy and endocrine changes

cold weather, smoking, anxiety and stress

30
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis - PT intervention

A

long wave UV light

Combination UV light with oral photosensitizing drugs

31
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus

A

Chronic progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of connective tissues
Characterisitic red rash with raised, red, scaly plaques

32
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus - Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)

A

affects only the skin
flare ups with sun exposure, lesions can resolve or cause atrophy
permanent scarring, hypopigmentation, or hyperpigmentation

33
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting muliple organ systems, including skin, joints, kidneys, heart, NS, mucous membranes
can be fatal
Commonly impacts women

34
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - common s/s

A

fever, malaise, butterfly rash across nose, skin lesions, chronic fatigue, arthralgia, arthritis, skin rashes, photosensitivity, anemia, hair loss, Raynaud’s phenomenon

35
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma

A

Chronic autoimmune diffuse disease of CT causing fibrosis of skin, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs
Usually accompanied by raynaud’s phenomenon
skin is taut, firm, edematous, firmly bound to subcutaneous tissue

36
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - Limited systemic sclerosis/scleroderma

A

symmetrical skin involvement of distal extremities and face
slow progression of skin chages
late visceral and pulmonary hypertension involvement
Associated with CREST syndrome

37
Q

CREST syndrome

A 
Calcinosis
Raynauds
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias
38
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - Diffuse systemic sclerosis disease/sclerodemra

A

Symmetrical, widespread skin involvement of distal and proximal extremities, face, trunk
Rapid progression of skin changes with early appearance of visceral involvement

39
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - Diffuse systemic sclerosis disease/sclerodemra - internal organs that can be involved

A

kidneys, heart, lungs

40
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - PT can help with

A

slowing development of contractures and deformity

41
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - precautions

A

skin is sensitive to pressure
acute hypertension may occur - regular BP checks
Pulmonary hypertension can lead to R heart failure

42
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM)

A

A diease of CT characterized by edema, inflammation, and degeneration of the mm
Dermatitis is associated with some forms

43
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM) - affects what mm primarily

A

proximal mm
shoulder and pelvic girdles, neck, pharynx
symmetrical distribution

44
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM) - precautions

A

additional muscle fiber damage with too much exercise

contractures and pressure ulcers from inactivity

45
Q

Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM) - PT

A

fatigue management and energy conservation technique
aerobic and resistance exercise at low levels
positioning to avoid contractures and ulcers

46
Q

Skin cancer - benign - seborrheic keratosis

A

proliferation of basal cells leading to raised lesions, typically multiple lesions on trunk of older individuals
Can be left untreated unless painful

47
Q

Skin cancer - benign - actinic keratosis

A

flat, round or irregular lesions covered by dry scale on sun exposed skin
Precancerous and can lead to squamous cell carcinoma

48
Q

Skin cancer - benign - Common mole (benign nevus)

A

proliferation of melanocytes, round or oval shape, sharply defined borders, uniform color, less than 6 mm, flat or raised
Can change into melanoma - signs include new swelling, redness, scaling, oozing, or bleeding

49
Q

Skin cancer - malignant - Basal cell carcinoma

A

Slow growing epithelial basal cell tumor
Characterized by raised patch with ivory appearance or as a reddened area of eczema
Has rolled border with indented center or presents as thickened area of skin
Rarely metastasizes
Associated with sun exposure

50
Q

Skin cancer - benign - Squamous cell carcinoma

A

has poorly defined margins, presents as flat and red area, ulcer or nodule
Grows more quickly, common on sun exposed areas
Can be confined or spread to surrounding tissues
Much higher risk of metastasis than basal cell

51
Q

Skin cancer - benign - squamous cell carcinoma - mucosal and lingual SCC are associated with

A

alcohol and tobacco use

52
Q

Skin cancer - benign - squamous cell carcinoma - Marjolins ulcer is what

A

uncommon form of SCC that occurs in burns

53
Q

Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma

A

tumor arising from melanocytes

superficial spreading melanoma is the most common type

54
Q

Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - melanoma risk factors

A

family hx
intense year round sun exposure
fair skin and freckles
nevi that are changing or are atypical especially if over age 50

55
Q

Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - RED FLAG

A

Early detection requires skill and expertise since melanomas may look identical to a harmless mole
Suspicious lesions are referred immediately to a dermatologist for eval and biopsy

56
Q

Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS)

A

Lesions of endothelial cell origin due to human herpes virus 8 with red or dark purple/blue macules that progress to nodules or ulcers
associated with itching and pain

57
Q

Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS) - common where

A

on LE

may involve internal structures producing lymphatic obstruction

58
Q

Skin trauma - contusion

A

injury in which skin is not broken
a bruise
Characterized by pain, swelling, discoloration

59
Q

Skin trauma - ecchymosis

A

Bluish discoloration of skin caused by extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissues
result of trauma to underlying blood vessels or fragile vessel walls

60
Q

Skin trauma - Petechiae

A

Tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots on the skin

61
Q

Skin trauma - Abrasion

A

Scraping away of skin due to injury or mechanical abrasion

62
Q

Skin trauma - Laceration

A

An irregular tear of the skin that produces a torn, jagged wound

NPTE Integumentary PT (5 decks)

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