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NPTE Integumentary PT > Common Skin Disorders > Flashcards

Common Skin Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Inflammation - causes itching, redness, skin lesions

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2
Q

Causes of Dermatitis (Eczema)

A

Allergic or contact dermatitis
Actinic: photosensitivity, reaction to sunlight
Atopic: etiology is unknown, associated with allergic, hereditary, or psychological disorders

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3
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Stages - Acute

A

Acute - red, oozing, crusting rash, extensive erosions, exudate, pruritic vesicles

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4
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Stages - Subacute

A

erythematous skin, scaling, scattered plaques

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5
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Stages - Chronic

A

Thickened skin, inc skin marking secondary to scratching, fibrotic papules, and nodules, postinflammatory pigmentation changes

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6
Q

Dermatitis (Eczema) - Precautions or contraindiciations

A

Some PT modalities

Avoid use of alcohol

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7
Q

Bacterial infections happen how

A

bacteria enter through portals in the skin (abrasions or puncture wounds)

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8
Q

Bacterial infections - Impetigo

A

Superficial skin infection caused by staph or strep
Associated with inflammation, small pus filled vesicles, itching
Contagious, common in kids and elderly

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9
Q

Bacterial infections - Cellulitis

A

Suppurative inflammation of cellular or CT in or close to skin - usually poorly defined and wide spread
Strep or Staph infection common - can be contagious
Skin is hot, red, edematous

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10
Q

Bacterial infections - Cellulitis - Management and what if untreated

A

Management with antibiotics, elevation, cool, wet dressings

If untreated can lead to lymphangitis, gangrene, abscess, or sepsis

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11
Q

Bacterial infections - Cellulitis - Who is at increased risk

A

elderly with diabetes, wounds, malnutrition or those on steroid therapy

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12
Q

Bacterial infections - Abscess

A

A cavity containing pus and surrounded by inflamed tissue
Result of a localized infection
Commonly a staph infection

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13
Q

Bacterial infections - Abscess healing is facilitated by

A

draining or incising the abscess

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14
Q

Viral infections - Herpes 1 (herpes simplex)

A

Itching and soreness, followed by vesicular erruption of the skin on the face or mouth
Cold sore or fever blister

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15
Q

Viral infections - Herpes 2

A

Common cause of vesicular genital eruption
Spread by sexual contact
In newborns can cause miningoencephalitis - can be fatal

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16
Q

Viral infections - herpes zoster (shingles)

A

Caused by varicella zoster virus (chickenpox)

Reactivation of the virus lying dormant in cerebral ganglia or ganglia of post nerve roots

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17
Q

Viral infections - herpes zoster (shingles) - s/s

A

Pain and tingling affected spinal or cranial nerve dermatome
progresses to red papules along distribution of infected nerve
red papules progressing to vesicles develop along a dermatome
Usually also have fever, chills, malaise, GI disturbances

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18
Q

Viral infections - herpes zoster (shingles) - contraindications

A

heat or ultrasound - can worsen severity of sx

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19
Q

Viral infections - warts

A

Common, benign infection by human papilloma virus

Transmission through direct contact, autoinoculation is possible

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20
Q

Fungal infections - Ringworm (tinea corporis)

A

Fungal infection involving the hair, skin, or nails
Forms ring shaped patches with vesicles or scales
Itchy - transmission through direct contact

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21
Q

Fungal infections - Athletes foot (tinea pedis)

A

Fungal infection of foot - typically between toes
Causes erythema, inflammation, pruritus, itching, and pain
Can progress to bacterial infection, cellulitis if untreated

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22
Q

Fungal infections - transmission

A

person to person or animal to person

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23
Q

Parasitic infections - caused by

A

insect and animal contacts

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24
Q

Parasitic infections - scabies (mites)

A

Burrow into skin, causing inflammation, itching and possibly pruritus

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25
Parasitic infections - lice (pediculosis)
a parasite that can affect head, body, genital area with bite marks, redness, and nits
26
Parasitic infections - transmission
person to person or sexually transmitted | avoid direct contact
27
Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis
Chronic autoimmune disease of the skin characterized by erythematous plaques covered with a silvery scale Common on ears, scalp, knees, elbows, genitalia
28
Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis - common complaints
itchy, pain from dry and cracked lesions
29
Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis - precipitating factors
trauma, infection, pregnancy and endocrine changes | cold weather, smoking, anxiety and stress
30
Immune disorders of the skin - Psoriasis - PT intervention
long wave UV light | Combination UV light with oral photosensitizing drugs
31
Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus
Chronic progressive autoimmune inflammatory disorder of connective tissues Characterisitic red rash with raised, red, scaly plaques
32
Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus - Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
affects only the skin flare ups with sun exposure, lesions can resolve or cause atrophy permanent scarring, hypopigmentation, or hyperpigmentation
33
Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
chronic systemic inflammatory disorder affecting muliple organ systems, including skin, joints, kidneys, heart, NS, mucous membranes can be fatal Commonly impacts women
34
Immune disorders of the skin - Lupus erythematosus - systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) - common s/s
fever, malaise, butterfly rash across nose, skin lesions, chronic fatigue, arthralgia, arthritis, skin rashes, photosensitivity, anemia, hair loss, Raynaud's phenomenon
35
Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma
Chronic autoimmune diffuse disease of CT causing fibrosis of skin, joints, blood vessels, and internal organs Usually accompanied by raynaud's phenomenon skin is taut, firm, edematous, firmly bound to subcutaneous tissue
36
Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - Limited systemic sclerosis/scleroderma
symmetrical skin involvement of distal extremities and face slow progression of skin chages late visceral and pulmonary hypertension involvement Associated with CREST syndrome
37
CREST syndrome
``` Calcinosis Raynauds Esophageal dysfunction Sclerodactyly Telangiectasias ```
38
Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - Diffuse systemic sclerosis disease/sclerodemra
Symmetrical, widespread skin involvement of distal and proximal extremities, face, trunk Rapid progression of skin changes with early appearance of visceral involvement
39
Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - Diffuse systemic sclerosis disease/sclerodemra - internal organs that can be involved
kidneys, heart, lungs
40
Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - PT can help with
slowing development of contractures and deformity
41
Immune disorders of the skin - Scleroderma - precautions
skin is sensitive to pressure acute hypertension may occur - regular BP checks Pulmonary hypertension can lead to R heart failure
42
Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM)
A diease of CT characterized by edema, inflammation, and degeneration of the mm Dermatitis is associated with some forms
43
Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM) - affects what mm primarily
proximal mm shoulder and pelvic girdles, neck, pharynx symmetrical distribution
44
Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM) - precautions
additional muscle fiber damage with too much exercise | contractures and pressure ulcers from inactivity
45
Immune disorders of the skin - Polymyositis (PM) - PT
fatigue management and energy conservation technique aerobic and resistance exercise at low levels positioning to avoid contractures and ulcers
46
Skin cancer - benign - seborrheic keratosis
proliferation of basal cells leading to raised lesions, typically multiple lesions on trunk of older individuals Can be left untreated unless painful
47
Skin cancer - benign - actinic keratosis
flat, round or irregular lesions covered by dry scale on sun exposed skin Precancerous and can lead to squamous cell carcinoma
48
Skin cancer - benign - Common mole (benign nevus)
proliferation of melanocytes, round or oval shape, sharply defined borders, uniform color, less than 6 mm, flat or raised Can change into melanoma - signs include new swelling, redness, scaling, oozing, or bleeding
49
Skin cancer - malignant - Basal cell carcinoma
Slow growing epithelial basal cell tumor Characterized by raised patch with ivory appearance or as a reddened area of eczema Has rolled border with indented center or presents as thickened area of skin Rarely metastasizes Associated with sun exposure
50
Skin cancer - benign - Squamous cell carcinoma
has poorly defined margins, presents as flat and red area, ulcer or nodule Grows more quickly, common on sun exposed areas Can be confined or spread to surrounding tissues Much higher risk of metastasis than basal cell
51
Skin cancer - benign - squamous cell carcinoma - mucosal and lingual SCC are associated with
alcohol and tobacco use
52
Skin cancer - benign - squamous cell carcinoma - Marjolins ulcer is what
uncommon form of SCC that occurs in burns
53
Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma
tumor arising from melanocytes | superficial spreading melanoma is the most common type
54
Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - melanoma risk factors
family hx intense year round sun exposure fair skin and freckles nevi that are changing or are atypical especially if over age 50
55
Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - RED FLAG
Early detection requires skill and expertise since melanomas may look identical to a harmless mole Suspicious lesions are referred immediately to a dermatologist for eval and biopsy
56
Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)
Lesions of endothelial cell origin due to human herpes virus 8 with red or dark purple/blue macules that progress to nodules or ulcers associated with itching and pain
57
Skin cancer - benign - malignant melanoma - Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS) - common where
on LE | may involve internal structures producing lymphatic obstruction
58
Skin trauma - contusion
injury in which skin is not broken a bruise Characterized by pain, swelling, discoloration
59
Skin trauma - ecchymosis
Bluish discoloration of skin caused by extravasation of blood into subcutaneous tissues result of trauma to underlying blood vessels or fragile vessel walls
60
Skin trauma - Petechiae
Tiny red or purple hemorrhagic spots on the skin
61
Skin trauma - Abrasion
Scraping away of skin due to injury or mechanical abrasion
62
Skin trauma - Laceration
An irregular tear of the skin that produces a torn, jagged wound

NPTE Integumentary PT (5 decks)

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