Common SE's

Question 1

2 ADRs of gentamicin and vancomycin

Answer 1

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity

Question 2

Name a common ADR to all abx (but most commonly the broad spectrum ones like cephalosporins/ciprofloxacin)

Answer 2

C.diff colitis

Question 3

Name 4 ADRs of ACEis

Answer 3

Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, AKI, dry cough

Question 4

Name 4 ADRs of beta blockers

Answer 4

Hypotension, bradycardia, wheeze (in asthmatics), worse acute heart failure (but helps in chronic HF)

Question 5

Name 4 ADRs of calcium channel blockers

Answer 5

Hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema, flushing

Question 6

Name 4 ADRs of diuretics

Answer 6

Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia), AKI, sub-class specific (e.g. spironolactone -> gynaecomastia)

Question 7

Name 2 ADRs of heparins

Answer 7

Haemorrhage (esp. if renal failure of <50kg), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Question 8

Name 1 ADR of warfarin (and a note)

Answer 8

Haemorrhage

NB warfarin actually has a procoagulant effect initially, as well as taking a few days to become an anticoagulant, thus add heparin until INR >2.

Question 9

Name 3 ADRs of aspirin

Answer 9

Haemorrhage, peptic ulcers and gastritis, tinnitus in large doses

Question 10

Name 5 ADRs of digoxin

What is the relation of these to potassium levels?

Answer 10

Nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion/drowsiness, xanthopsia (“halo vision” and weird yellow/green vision)

Digoxin competes with K+ at myocyte Na/K ATPase, limiting Na influx which reduces Ca outflow. Ca accumulates in cell lengthening action potential and slows HR. Low K+ augments digoxin effect while high levels limit the effect

Question 10

Name 5 ADRs of digoxin

What is the relation of these to potassium levels?

Answer 10

Nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion/drowsiness, xanthopsia (“halo vision” and weird yellow/green vision)

Digoxin competes with K+ at myocyte Na/K ATPase, limiting Na influx which reduces Ca outflow. Ca accumulates in cell lengthening action potential and slows HR. Low K+ augments digoxin effect while high levels limit the effect

Question 11

Name 4 ADRs of amiodarone

Answer 11

Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis), thyroid disease (both hypo/hyper reported - it is structurally similar to iodine (amIODarone), skin greying, corneal deposits

Question 12

Name 1 early, 1 intermediate and 5 late ADRs of lithium

Answer 12

Early - tremor
Intermediate - tiredness
Late - arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus

Question 13

Name 1 ADR of haloperidol
Name 2 ADRs of clozapine

Answer 13

Dyskinesia - acute dystonic reactions, drowsiness
Constipation, agranulocytosis

Question 14

Name 8 ADRs of steroids (Hint STEROIDS)

Answer 14

Stomach ulcers, Thin skin, Edema, RIght/left heart failure, Osteoporosis, Infection (including candida), Diabetes (commnly causes hyperglycaemia but uncommon to progress to diabetes), cushing’s Syndrome.

Question 15

Name 5 ADRs of NSAIDs (Hint NSAID)

Answer 15

No urine (renal failure), Systolic dysfunction (heart failure), Asthma, Indigestion, Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality).

Question 16

Name 4 ADRs of statins

Answer 16

Myalgia, abdo pain, increased AST/ALT, rhabdomyolysis (can just be mildly increase CK though).

Question 17

Which class of drug can cause GI bleeding?

Answer 17

NSAIDs

Question 18

Which drug can cause lactic acidosis

Answer 18

Metformin

Question 19

How does alcohol consumption affect warfarin?

Answer 19

Acute alcohol causes enzyme inhibition and bleeding risk
Chronic alcohol causes enzyme induction and reduces anticoagulant effect

Question 20

Which class of drug can cause hypertensive crisis?

Answer 20

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Isocarboxazid, phenelzine)

Question 21

Which 2 drugs can cause sweating, flushing, nausea and vomiting?

Answer 21

Metronidazole and disulfiram

Question 22

Name 3 drug classes that cause sedation

Answer 22

barbiturates, opioids, benzodiazepines