Common SE's Flashcards
2 ADRs of gentamicin and vancomycin
Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity
Name a common ADR to all abx (but most commonly the broad spectrum ones like cephalosporins/ciprofloxacin)
C.diff colitis
Name 4 ADRs of ACEis
Hypotension, hyperkalaemia, AKI, dry cough
Name 4 ADRs of beta blockers
Hypotension, bradycardia, wheeze (in asthmatics), worse acute heart failure (but helps in chronic HF)
Name 4 ADRs of calcium channel blockers
Hypotension, bradycardia, peripheral oedema, flushing
Name 4 ADRs of diuretics
Hypotension, electrolyte abnormalities (hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia), AKI, sub-class specific (e.g. spironolactone -> gynaecomastia)
Name 2 ADRs of heparins
Haemorrhage (esp. if renal failure of <50kg), heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
Name 1 ADR of warfarin (and a note)
Haemorrhage
NB warfarin actually has a procoagulant effect initially, as well as taking a few days to become an anticoagulant, thus add heparin until INR >2.
Name 3 ADRs of aspirin
Haemorrhage, peptic ulcers and gastritis, tinnitus in large doses
Name 5 ADRs of digoxin
What is the relation of these to potassium levels?
Nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion/drowsiness, xanthopsia (“halo vision” and weird yellow/green vision)
Digoxin competes with K+ at myocyte Na/K ATPase, limiting Na influx which reduces Ca outflow. Ca accumulates in cell lengthening action potential and slows HR. Low K+ augments digoxin effect while high levels limit the effect
Name 5 ADRs of digoxin
What is the relation of these to potassium levels?
Nausea/vomiting, diarrhoea, blurred vision, confusion/drowsiness, xanthopsia (“halo vision” and weird yellow/green vision)
Digoxin competes with K+ at myocyte Na/K ATPase, limiting Na influx which reduces Ca outflow. Ca accumulates in cell lengthening action potential and slows HR. Low K+ augments digoxin effect while high levels limit the effect
Name 4 ADRs of amiodarone
Interstitial lung disease (pulmonary fibrosis), thyroid disease (both hypo/hyper reported - it is structurally similar to iodine (amIODarone), skin greying, corneal deposits
Name 1 early, 1 intermediate and 5 late ADRs of lithium
Early - tremor
Intermediate - tiredness
Late - arrhythmias, seizures, coma, renal failure, diabetes insipidus
Name 1 ADR of haloperidol
Name 2 ADRs of clozapine
Dyskinesia - acute dystonic reactions, drowsiness
Constipation, agranulocytosis
Name 8 ADRs of steroids (Hint STEROIDS)
Stomach ulcers, Thin skin, Edema, RIght/left heart failure, Osteoporosis, Infection (including candida), Diabetes (commnly causes hyperglycaemia but uncommon to progress to diabetes), cushing’s Syndrome.
Name 5 ADRs of NSAIDs (Hint NSAID)
No urine (renal failure), Systolic dysfunction (heart failure), Asthma, Indigestion, Dyscrasia (clotting abnormality).
Name 4 ADRs of statins
Myalgia, abdo pain, increased AST/ALT, rhabdomyolysis (can just be mildly increase CK though).
Which class of drug can cause GI bleeding?
NSAIDs
Which drug can cause lactic acidosis
Metformin
How does alcohol consumption affect warfarin?
Acute alcohol causes enzyme inhibition and bleeding risk
Chronic alcohol causes enzyme induction and reduces anticoagulant effect
Which class of drug can cause hypertensive crisis?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (Isocarboxazid, phenelzine)
Which 2 drugs can cause sweating, flushing, nausea and vomiting?
Metronidazole and disulfiram
Name 3 drug classes that cause sedation
barbiturates, opioids, benzodiazepines
