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Infectious Disease > Common presentations of HIV > Flashcards

Common presentations of HIV Flashcards

1
Q

How do patients in stage one present

A

asymptomatic with persistent generalized lymphadenopathy

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2
Q

what is typically found in stage 2 of aids

A

moderate unexplained weight loss of <10%
recurrent rti
recurrent oral ulceration

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3
Q

How is Stage 4 AIDS described

A

HIV wasting syndrome, pneumocystis pneumonia, extrapulmonary TB, kaposis sarcoma, HIV encephalopathy

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3
Q

how is stage 3 classified

A

unexplained weight loss of >10%
unexplained chronic diarrhoea for longer than a month
unexplained persistent fever
persistent oral candidiasis
pulmonary TB

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3
Q

What infections are at increased risk at all CD4 counts?

A

TB
Herpes zoster
Bacterial infections

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4
Q

What infections are common at CD4<200

A

cryptococcal meningitis
PCP
toxoplasmosis

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5
Q

What infections are common at CD4<50

A

CMV
Mycobacterium avium complex

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5
Q

what are the most common causes of respiratory symptoms with chest x-ray infiltrate

A

Bacterial pneumonia
PCP
PTB

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6
Q

which chest infection will typically lead to history of few days of respiratory symptoms

A

bacterial pneumonia

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7
Q

How will pneumocystis pneumonia present on history

A

symptoms developed over 1-3 weeks with dry cough and progressive SOB

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8
Q

How will pulmonary TB present on history

A

It will typically be over a few months and it will include LOW, functional deterioration and night sweats

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9
Q

what infections will include fever and tachypnoea

A

pneumocystis pneumonia and bacterial pneumonia

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10
Q

What infection has a bilateral glass ground on X-RAY

A

pneumocystis pneumonia

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10
Q

How do you diagnose PCP

A

Direct fluorescent antigen test (DFAT)

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11
Q

what type of TB is more commonin HIV+ than HIV-

A

extrapulmonary

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11
Q

How do you diagnose TB

A

clinical features, chest x-ray,sputum culture, genexpert, urinary lam

12
Q

what are common sites of metasteses in extrapulmonary TB

A

lymphadenitis
abdominal
miliary
CNS

12
Q

true or false: TB in HIV negative individuals are commonly smear positive

A

false they are commonly smear negative

13
Q

what are the most important causes of lymphadenopathy in HIV positive patients

A

HIV and TB. some other less common causes include lymphomas and kaposis

13
Q

how does the size of lymphadenopathy differ between tb and hiv

A

hiv<2cm and tb>2cm

14
Q

is hiv lymph nodes symmetrical or not

A

symmetrical

14
Q

Is TB or HIV lymphadenotpathy matted to underlying area

A

TB

15
Q

When is TB lymph nodes tender

A

typically during IRIS (usually non-tender)

16
Q

what is the HIV associated lymphomas

A

B-cell non hodgkin lymphoma

Infectious Disease (5 decks)

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