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Prescription drugs > Common prescription drugs > Flashcards

Common prescription drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Common Proton Pump inhibitors…

A

omeprazole

lansoprazole

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2
Q

What are Proton Pump inhibitors and why are they usually prescribed?

A

PPIs are a group of drugs whose main action is the reduction in gastric acid production
gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
gastric ulcers

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3
Q

omeprazole

A

omep·​ra·​zole

inhibits gastric acid secretion

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4
Q

lansoprazole

A

lan·​so·​praz·​ole

inhibits gastric acid secretion

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5
Q

Common statins…

A

simvastatin
atorvastatin
pravastatin

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6
Q

What are statins?

A

Lipid-lowering medications are a group of medications that have been found to lower the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in the blood

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7
Q

Why are statins usually prescribed?

A 
They are prescribed to help reduce the risk of...
stroke
coronary heart disease
heart attacks (MI)
angina
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8
Q

What is a stroke?

A

when the blood supply to part of the brain is cut off

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9
Q

What is coronary heart disease?

A

a type of heart disease that develops when the arteries of the heart cannot deliver enough oxygen-rich blood to the heart

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10
Q

What is a heart attack (MI)?

A

occurs when an artery supplying your heart with blood and oxygen becomes blocked

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11
Q

What is the main cause of heart attack (MI)?

A

Fatty deposits build up over time, forming plaques in your heart’s arteries
If a plaque ruptures, a blood clot can form and block your arteries, causing a heart attack

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12
Q

What is a heart attack also know as?

A

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

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13
Q

What is angina?

A

is where you have attacks of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to your heart

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14
Q

simvastatin

A

sim·​va·​stat·​in

decreases the level of cholesterol in the bloodstream

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15
Q

atorvastatin

A

ator·​va·​stat·​in

lower lipid levels in the blood

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16
Q

pravastatin

A

prav·​a·​stat·​in

inhibits the production of cholesterol in the body

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17
Q

Why is paracetamol prescribed?

A

a common painkiller used to treat aches and pain

It can also be used to reduce a high temperature

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18
Q

Common Beta‐blockers…

A

bisoprolol
atenolol
propranolol

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19
Q

What class of drugs do beta-blockers fall under?

A

Antihypertensives

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20
Q

What types of drugs are classed as Antihypertensives?

A

angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
calcium channel blockers (CCBs)
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
beta-blockers

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21
Q

Why are beta-blockers prescribed?

A

beta-adrenergic blocking agents
Used to treat hypertension
Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of the hormone epinephrine
Beta blockers cause your heart to beat more slowly and with less force, which lowers blood pressure.

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22
Q

bisoprolol

A

bis·​o·​pro·​lol

treat hypertension

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23
Q

atenolol

A

aten·​o·​lol

treatment of hypertension

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24
Q

propranolol

A

pro·​pran·​o·​lol

the treatment of abnormal heart rhythms and angina pectoris

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25
Q

Why are vitamin D and calcium often prescribed together?

A

commonly prescribed for hypoparathyroidism, a condition that causes calcium deficiency
Vitamin D helps alleviate the symptoms of hypoparathyroidism

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26
Q

Common calcium-channel blockers…

A 
amlodipine
felodipine
diltiazem
nifedipine
lercanidipine
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27
Q

What class of drugs do calcium-channel blockers fall under?

A

Antihypertensives

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28
Q

What are calcium-channel blockers?

A

calcium channel antagonists are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium through calcium channels
Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs

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29
Q

Why are calcium-channel blockers often prescribed?

A

commonly prescribed to treat conditions of the heart and blood vessels
such as hypertension, angina, some abnormal heart rhythms and Raynaud’s phenomenon

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30
Q

What is Raynaud’s phenomenon?

A

a condition resulting in painful and cold fingers and toes due to narrowing of the arteries in the hands and feet

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31
Q

amlodipine

A

am·​lo·​di·​pine

treatment of hypertension and angina pectoris

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32
Q

felodipine

A

fe·​lo·​di·​pine

used especially in the treatment of hypertension

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33
Q

diltiazem

A

dil·​ti·​a·​zem

a coronary vasodilator

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34
Q

nifedipine

A

ni·​fed·​i·​pine

a coronary vasodilator used especially in the treatment of angina pectoris

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35
Q

lercanidipine

A

ler·can·i·di·pine

treatment of hypertension

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36
Q

What are H1 receptor antagonists also known as?

A

Antihistamines

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37
Q

common H1 receptor antagonists…

A 
cyclizine
cetirizine
loratadine
fexofenadine
chlorphenamine
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38
Q

Why are H1 receptor antagonists prescribed?

A

clinically used in the treatment of histamine-mediated allergic conditions
indicated for the management of symptoms associated with upper respiratory allergies
used for the prevention and treatment of nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness, and vertigo

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39
Q

What are H1 receptor antagonists?

A

are a class of medications that block the action of histamine at the H1 receptor, helping to relieve allergic reactions.

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40
Q

cyclizine

A

cy·​cli·​zine

treatment of motion sickness

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41
Q

cetirizine

A

ce·​tir·​i·​zine
a long-acting, non-sedating, antihistamine drug
especially to treat allergic rhinitis and chronic hives

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42
Q

loratadine

A

lo·​rat·​a·​dine

relieve the symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic urticaria

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43
Q

fexofenadine

A

fex·​o·​fen·​a·​dine

relieve symptoms of seasonal allergic rhinitis and chronic hives

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44
Q

chlorphenamine

A

chlor·​phen·​​amine

antihistamine

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45
Q

Why is aspirin prescribed?

A

used for relief of pain and fever
Low-dose aspirin helps to prevent heart attacks and strokes in people at high risk because it interferes with the body’s ability to clot, antiplatelet

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46
Q

Common Opioids: weak/moderate…

A

tramadol
codeine
dihydrocodeine

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47
Q

Why are are Opioids: weak/moderate often prescribed?

A

mild to moderate pain alleviation

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48
Q

tramadol

A

tram·​a·​dol

moderate to severe pain

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49
Q

codeine

A

co·​deine
a morphine derivative
weaker in action than morphine, and is used especially as an analgesic and antitussive

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50
Q

What is a antitussive medicine?

A

suppress coughing, also known as cough suppressants.

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51
Q

What is an analgesic medicine?

A

An analgesic or painkiller is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia, relief from pain

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52
Q

dihydrocodeine

A

di·​hydro·​co·​deine

moderate to severe pain or severe dyspnea, or as an antitussive

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53
Q

What is dyspnea?

A

medical term for shortness of breath

sometimes described as ‘air hunger’

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54
Q

Common Opioids: strong…

A

Morphine

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55
Q

Why is morphine often prescribed?

A

Morphine is prescribed to treat severe pain

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56
Q

morphine

A

mor·​phine

an analgesic and sedative

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57
Q

Common Beta2 agonists…

A

salbutamol

salmeterol

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58
Q

What are Beta2 agonists also known as?

A

bronchodilators

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59
Q

How do Beta2 agonists work?

A

are used to help make breathing easier by relaxing the muscles in the lungs and widening of the bronchi

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60
Q

Why are Beta2 agonists prescribed?

A

prescribed to treat asthma
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs) provide quick relief of asthma symptoms
also be prescribed to be taken before exercising in order to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.

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61
Q

salbutamol

A

sal·​bu·​ta·​mol

treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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62
Q

salmeterol

A

sal·​met·​er·​ol

treat bronchospasm associated especially with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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63
Q

Common Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors…

A

ramipril
lisinopril
perindopril

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64
Q

What are Angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors also known as?

A

ACE inhibitors

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65
Q

Why are ACE inhibitors prescribed?

A

commonly prescribed to treat..
high blood pressure
heart problems associated with hypertension

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66
Q

ramipril

A

ra·​mip·​ril

treat hypertension and congestive heart failure

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67
Q

lisinopril

A

li·​sin·​o·​pril

antihypertensive drug

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68
Q

perindopril

A

per·​in·​do·​pril

ACE inhibitor to treat essential hypertension

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69
Q

What heart problem commonly requires a ACE inhibitor prescription?

A

heart failure

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70
Q

Common loop diuretics…

A

furosemide

bumetanide

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71
Q

What types of drugs are classed as diuretics?

A

loop diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
thiazides

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72
Q

Why are loop diuretics prescribed?

A

used in medicine to treat hypertension and edema often due to congestive heart failure or chronic kidney disease

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73
Q

What is edema?

A

medical term for swelling

It can affect a small area or the entire body

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74
Q

Why does edema occur?

A

Edema happens when your small blood vessels leak fluid into nearby tissues

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75
Q

What are the main causes of edema?

A

Injury or inflammation
Medications
pregnancy
infections

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76
Q

furosemide

A

fu·​ro·​se·​mide

a powerful diuretic used especially to treat edema and hypertension

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77
Q

bumetanide

A

bu·​met·​a·​nide

a powerful loop diuretic used in the treatment of edema

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78
Q

How do diuretics work?

A

help rid your body of salt (sodium) and water
Most of them help your kidneys release more sodium into your urine
The sodium takes with it water from your blood, decreasing the amount of fluid flowing through your veins and arteries
This reduces blood pressure.

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79
Q

Common Vitamin K antagonists…

A

warfarin

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80
Q

How do vitamin K antagonists work?

A

a group of substances that reduce blood clotting by reducing the action of vitamin K

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81
Q

Why are vitamin K antagonists prescribed?

A

Antithrombotic Therapy for Prosthetic Valves
Vitamin K antagonists (VKA), remain the mainstay of anticoagulation following mechanical valve replacement to prevent thromboembolic events and valve thrombosis.

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82
Q

warfarin

A

war·​fa·​rin

the prevention or treatment of thromboembolic disease

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83
Q

Commonly prescribed vitamins…

A

folic acid

thiamine hydrochloride

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84
Q

Why are vitamins prescribed?

A

used for the prevention and treatment of specific deficiency states or where the diet is known to be inadequate

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85
Q

folic acid

A

fo·​lic acid
a crystalline vitamin of the B complex that is required for normal production of red blood cells, is used especially in the treatment of nutritional anemias

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86
Q

thiamine hydrochloride

A

thi·​a·​mine hy·dro·chlor·ide

a vitamin of the vitamin B complex that is essential to normal metabolism and nerve function

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87
Q

Common Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs…

A

naproxen

ibuprofen

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88
Q

What are Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs also known as?

A

NSAIDs

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89
Q

Why are NSAIDs prescribed?

A

medicines that are widely used to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and bring down a high temperature

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90
Q

What are NSAIDs often prescribed to relieve the symptoms of?

A 
They're often used to relieve symptoms of...
headaches
painful periods
sprains and strains
colds and flu
arthritis
other causes of long-term pain
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91
Q

naproxen

A

na·​prox·​en

an analgesic and antipyretic

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92
Q

ibuprofen

A

ibu·​pro·​fen

a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug used to relieve pain and fever

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93
Q

What is an antipyretic?

A

a substance that reduces fever

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94
Q

How do antipyretics work?

A

Antipyretics cause the hypothalamus to override a prostaglandin-induced increase in temperature
The body then works to lower the temperature, which results in a reduction in fever

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95
Q

Common Penicillins, broad spectrum…

A

amoxicillin

co‐amoxiclav

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96
Q

What types of drugs are classed as antibiotics?

A 
penicillins
cephalosporins
aminoglycosides
tetracyclines
macrolides
fluoroquinolones
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97
Q

penicillin

A

pen·​i·​cil·​lin

are used especially against gram-positive cocci

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98
Q

cephalosporin

A

ceph·​a·​lo·​spo·​rin

to treat a variety of bacterial infections, especially for people who are allergic to penicillin

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99
Q

aminoglycoside

A

ami·​no·​gly·​co·​side

inhibit bacterial protein synthesis and are active especially against gram-negative bacteria

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100
Q

tetracycline

A

tet·​ra·​cy·​cline

broad-spectrum antibiotic

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101
Q

macrolide

A

mac·​ro·​lide

inhibit bacterial RNA-dependent protein synthesis, and are effective especially against gram-positive bacteria

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102
Q

fluoroquinolone

A

flu·​o·​ro·​quin·​o·​lone

used as antibacterial drugs

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103
Q

What are penicillins commonly used to treat?

A

infections caused by bacteria
pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections
scarlet fever
ear, skin, gum, mouth, and throat infections

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104
Q

What are cephalosporins commonly used to treat?

A

a variety of bacterial infections, especially for people who are allergic to penicillin
skin or soft tissue infections
urinary tract infections (UTIs)

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105
Q

What are aminoglycosides commonly used to treat?

A

the treatment of severe infections of the abdomen and urinary tract
bacteremia
endocarditis
prophylaxis, especially against endocarditis

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106
Q

What is endocarditis?

A

inflammation of your heart’s inner lining, caused by bacteria
When the inflammation is caused by infection, the condition is called infective endocarditis

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107
Q

What is Bacteremia?

A

the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

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108
Q

What are tetracyclines commonly used to treat?

A

used to treat infections caused by bacteria
pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections
certain infections of skin, eye, lymphatic, intestinal, genital and urinary systems
other infections that are spread by ticks, lice, mites, and infected animals

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109
Q

What are macrolides commonly used to treat?

A 
They are useful in treating...
respiratory infections
skin infections
soft tissue infections
sexually transmitted infections
H. pylori
atypical mycobacterial infections
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110
Q

What are fluoroquinolones commonly used to treat?

A

effectively treat a variety of infections…
complicated urinary tract infections
bacterial infections of the prostate
stomach and bacterial forms of pneumonia
other respiratory infections

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111
Q

amoxicillin

A

amox·​i·​cil·​lin

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112
Q

co‐amoxiclav

A

co·​amox·​I·​clav

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113
Q

Common Laxatives ‐ osmotic…

A

macrogol

lactulose

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114
Q

Why are osmotic laxatives prescribed?

A

a type of stool softener used in the management of constipation

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115
Q

macrogol

A

mac·​ro·​gol
a laxative taken to treat constipation
help clear a build-up of hard poo in your bowel, which can happen if you’ve been constipated for a long time (faecal impaction)

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116
Q

lactulose

A

lac·​tu·​lose
used as a laxative for chronic constipation and as an acidifier to reduce blood ammonia levels causing neurological symptoms in advanced liver disease

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117
Q

Common selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (SSRIs)…

A

citalopram
sertraline
fluoxetine

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118
Q

What are selective serotonin re‐uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) more commonly known as?

A

anti-depressants

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119
Q

What types of drugs are classed as anti-depressants?

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
noradrenaline and specific serotonergic antidepressants (NASSAs)
tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)

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120
Q

Why are SSRIs prescribed?

A

mainly prescribed to treat depression

121
Q

What are SSRIs often used in combination with?

A

a talking therapy such as cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT)

122
Q

citalopram

A

ci·​tal·​o·​pram

treat depression and anxiety

123
Q

sertraline

A

ser·​tra·​line

enhance serotonin activity

124
Q

fluoxetine

A

flu·​ox·​e·​tine

enhances serotonin activity

125
Q

Common systemic corticosteroids…

A

prednisolone

126
Q

Why are systemic corticosteroids often prescribed?

A

mainly used to reduce inflammation and suppress the immune system

127
Q

What conditions are systemic corticosteroids often used to treat?

A

asthma
allergic rhinitis
hay fever

128
Q

prednisolone

A

pred·​nis·​o·​lone

used especially as an anti-inflammatory drug

129
Q

Common stimulant laxatives…

A

senna

docusate sodium

130
Q

Why are stimulant laxatives prescribed?

A

an effective treatment for constipation

131
Q

How do stimulant laxatives work?

A

ausing the intestinal muscles to rhythmically contract and help push out, or ‘stimulate’ a bowel movement

132
Q

Senna glycoside

A

sen·​na gly·​co·​side

used to treat constipation

133
Q

docusate sodium

A

doc·​u·​sate so·​di·​um

used to soften stools in the treatment or prevention of constipation

134
Q

Common inhaled corticosteroids…

A

beclometasone
fluticasone
budesonide

135
Q

Why are inhaled corticosteroids prescribed?

A

The treatment of asthma and other respiratory conditions like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

136
Q

How do inhaled corticosteroids work?

A

suppress airway inflammation and reduce inflammation in the lungs
allowing for easier breathing.

137
Q

beclometasone

A

bec·lo·met·asone

prevent difficulty breathing, chest tightness, wheezing, and coughing caused by asthma

138
Q

fluticasone

A

flu·​tic·​a·​sone

fluticasone propionate
used as a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis
as an oral inhalant to treat and prevent asthma & COPD
a cream or ointment to treat inflammation and itching

fluticasone furoate
a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis
an oral inhalant to treat asthma & COPD

139
Q

budesonide

A

bu·​des·​o·​nide
a synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid
an inhalational aerosol or powder especially to treat asthma
a nasal spray to treat allergic rhinitis or to treat or prevent nasal polyps
capsule form taken by mouth to treat Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis

140
Q

What are the two types of fluticasone?

A

fluticasone propionate

fluticasone furoate

141
Q

Common thyroid hormones…

A

levothyroxine

142
Q

Why are thyroid hormones often prescribed?

A

generally prescribed when your thyroid is not making enough thyroid hormone naturally

143
Q

For what condition are thyroid hormones commonly prescribed for?

A

hypothyroidism

144
Q

levothyroxine

A

le·​vo·​thy·​rox·​ine

treatment of hypothyroidism

145
Q

Common Benzodiazepines…

A

diazepam
temazepam
lorazepam

146
Q

Why are benzodiazepines prescribed?

A

treating…
anxiety and panic
seizures (convulsions)
insomnia or trouble sleeping

147
Q

diazepam

A

di·​az·​e·​pam

a tranquilliser used especially to relieve anxiety and tension and as a muscle relaxant

148
Q

temazepam

A

te·​maz·​e·​pam

used for its sedative and tranquilizing effects in the treatment of insomnia

149
Q

lorazepam

A

lor·​az·​e·​pam

tranquilliser used especially to relieve anxiety and insomnia and to control epileptic seizures

150
Q

Common Alpha‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs…

A

doxazosin

tamsulosin

151
Q

What conditions are Alpha‐adrenoceptor blocking drugs prescribed for?

A

hypertension
Raynaud’s disease
benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
erectile dysfunction.

152
Q

doxazosin

A

dox·​a·​zo·​sin
to relieve urethral obstruction in benign prostatic hyperplasia and to treat hypertension
acts to relax smooth muscle or blood vessels, which increases fluid flow in these entities by combining with and blocking the activity of an alpha-receptor

153
Q

tamsulosin

A

tam·​su·​lo·​sin

an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent administered to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia

154
Q

What is prostatic hyperplasia?

A

prostate gland enlargement

155
Q

Common Biguanides…

A

bi·​gua·​nides

metformin

156
Q

Why are biguanides prescribed?

A

used as an oral drug for the management of mild to moderately severe noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ((NIDDM) (Type II)) in obese or overweight patients who are usually above 40 years of age

157
Q

metformin

A

met·​for·​min

treat type 2 diabetes

158
Q

Insulin

A

in·​su·​lin
essential especially for the metabolism of carbohydrates and the regulation of glucose levels in the blood and that when insufficiently produced results in diabetes mellitus

159
Q

Why is insulin prescribed?

A

used to control blood sugar in people who have type 1 diabetes (condition in which the body does not make insulin and therefore cannot control the amount of sugar in the blood)
or in people who have type 2 diabetes (condition in which the blood sugar is too high because the body does not produce or use insulin normally) that cannot be controlled with oral medications alone

160
Q

What class of drugs is human insulin?

A

hormones

161
Q

Common Angiotensin‐II receptor antagonists…

A

losartan
candesartan
irbesartan

162
Q

Why are Angiotensin‐II receptor antagonists prescribed?

A

used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure

They are also used for chronic kidney disease prescribed following a heart attack

163
Q

What are Angiotensin‐II receptor antagonists also known as?

A

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)

164
Q

losartan

A

lo·​sar·​tan
antihypertensive drug
blocks the action of the physiologically active form of angiotensin

165
Q

What is angiotensin?

A

a peptide hormone that causes vasoconstriction and an increase in blood pressure

166
Q

candesartan

A

can·​de·​sar·​tan
antihypertensive drug
blocks the action of angiotensin II

167
Q

irbesartan

A

ir·​be·​sar·​tan
antihypertensive drug
blocks the action of angiotensin II

168
Q

Common topical corticosteroids…

A

hydrocortisone

169
Q

Why are topical corticosteroids prescribed?

A

used to treat a large number of conditions that cause inflammation
They work by reducing inflammation and irritation
eczema
psoriasis
hay fever
allergiescertain conditions of the eyes

170
Q

hydrocortisone

A

hy·​dro·​cor·​ti·​sone
calms down your body’s immune response to reduce pain, itching and swelling (inflammation)
It can also be used as hormone replacement for people who do not have enough of the natural stress hormone, cortisol

171
Q

gabapentin

A

gab·​a·​pen·​tin

anticonvulsant drug that is administered orally as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures

172
Q

pregabalin

A

pre·​gab·​a·​lin
anticonvulsant drug that is taken orally for the relief of pain associated especially with fibromyalgia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, and post-herpetic neuralgia and as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of partial seizures

173
Q

What are both gabapentin and pregabalin structurally related too?

A

gamma-aminobutyric acid

174
Q

What is fibromyalgia?

A

a chronic disorder characterized by widespread pain, tenderness, and stiffness of muscles and associated connective tissue structures that is typically accompanied by fatigue, headache, and sleep disturbances

175
Q

What is diabetic peripheral neuropathy?

A

a disease or degenerative state of the peripheral nerves in which motor, sensory, or vasomotor nerve fibers may be affected and which is marked by muscle weakness and atrophy, pain, and numbness

176
Q

What is post-herpetic neuralgia?

A

lasting nerve pain in an area previously affected by shingles

177
Q

Common tricyclic antidepressants…

A

amitriptyline

178
Q

Why are tricyclic antidepressants usually prescribed?

A

used primarily to treat mood disorders

but also have their place in the treatment of anxiety disorders, personality disorders, and neurological disorders

179
Q

amitriptyline

A

am·​i·​trip·​ty·​line

tricyclic aromatic antidepressant drug used to prevent migraines and to treat neuropathic pain, bulimia, and depression

180
Q

Common Anti‐platelet drugs…

A

clopidogrel

181
Q

Why are anti‐platelet drugs prescribed?

A

used to reduce the risk of heart attack

182
Q

clopidogrel

A

clo·​pid·​o·​grel

an antithrombotic agent that inhibits ADP-induced aggregation of platelets

183
Q

Common Anti‐fungal drugs…

A

clotrimazole

ketononazole

184
Q

Why are anti-fungal drugs prescribed?

A

used to treat fungal infections

185
Q

clotrimazole

A

clo·​tri·​ma·​zole

an antifungal agent

186
Q

ketononazole

A

ke·​ton·​o·​na·​zole

an antifungal medication used to treat a number of fungal infections

187
Q

Common Histamine (H2)‐receptor antagonists…

A

ranitidine

188
Q

What are Histamine (H2)‐receptor antagonists?

A

a group of medicines that reduce the amount of acid produced by the cells in the lining of the stomach

189
Q

What are Histamine (H2)‐receptor antagonists also known as?

A

H2 blockers

190
Q

ranitidine

A

ra·​nit·​i·​dine

a histamine blocker that inhibits gastric acid secretion

191
Q

Common thiazide diuretics…

A

bendroflumethiazide

indapamide

192
Q

Why are thiazide diuretics prescribed?

A

a common treatment for high blood pressure
They are also used to clear fluid from the body in conditions where your body accumulates too much fluid, such as heart failure

193
Q

bendroflumethiazide

A

ben·​dro·​flu·​me·​thi·​a·​zide

a thiazide diuretic taken orally in the treatment of hypertension often in combination with a beta-blocker

194
Q

indapamide

A

in·da·pa·mide

a thiazide-like diuretic drug generally used in the treatment of hypertension, as well as decompensated heart failure.

195
Q

Why are Emollients prescribed?

A

moisturising treatments applied directly to the skin to soothe and hydrate it
They cover the skin with a protective film to trap in moisture

196
Q

What conditions are emollients prescribed for?

A

help manage dry, itchy or scaly skin conditions such as…
eczema
psoriasis
ichthyosis

197
Q

Common Nitrates…

A

isosorbide mononitrate

glyceryl trinitrate

198
Q

Why are nitrates prescribed?

A

used for treating or preventing heart pain (angina, chest pain) caused by heart disease, usually of the arteries in the heart

199
Q

isosorbide mononitrate

A

iso·​sor·​bide mono·​nitrate

used for heart-related chest pain, heart failure, and esophageal spasms

200
Q

glyceryl trinitrate (GTN)

A

glyc·​er·​yl tri·​ni·​trate
a medication used for heart failure, high blood pressure, anal fissures, painful periods, and to treat and prevent chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to the heart (angina) or due to the recreational use of cocaine

201
Q

What is glyceryl trinitrate also known as?

A

Nitroglycerin

202
Q

Why is Trimethoprim prescribed?

A

an antibiotic
It’s used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis
Occasionally used to treat other types of infections, such as chest infections and acne

203
Q

Trimethoprim

A

tri·​meth·​o·​prim

a synthetic antibacterial and antimalarial drug

204
Q

Common types of iron drugs…

A

ferrous fumarate

ferrous sulfate

205
Q

Why are iron drugs prescribed?

A

to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia

206
Q

Why is iron important in the body?

A

Iron helps the body to make healthy red blood cells which carry oxygen around the body

207
Q

Why are people often prescribed iron drugs?

A

blood loss, pregnancy or too little iron in your diet can make your iron supply drop too low, leading to anaemia

208
Q

ferrous fumarate

A

fer·​rous fu·​ma·​rate

the treatment of iron-deficiency anemia

209
Q

ferrous sulfate

A

fer·​rous sul·​fate

used to treat and prevent iron deficiency anaemia

210
Q

Common Bisphosphonates…

A

alendronic acid

211
Q

Why are Bisphosphonates prescribed?

A

bis·​phos·​pho·​nate
drugs that help prevent or slow down bone thinning (osteoporosis)
They can help to treat some types of cancer that cause bone damage
They are also a treatment for high levels of calcium in your blood

212
Q

alendronic acid

A

al·en·dron·ic ac·id

used to treat osteoporosis and Paget’s disease of bone

213
Q

Common penicillinase-resistant penicillins…

A

flucloxacillin

214
Q

Why are penicillinase-resistant penicillins prescribed?

A

Some bacteria produce the enzyme penicillinase that destroys the beta-lactam ring of the antibiotic, making the penicillin ineffective
Penicillinase resistant penicillins are used to treat resistant strains of staphylococci and other infections

215
Q

flucloxacillin

A

flu·clox·​a·​cil·​lin
an antibiotic used to treat skin infections, external ear infections, infections of leg ulcers, diabetic foot infections, and infection of bone

216
Q

Common Sulfonylureas…

A

sul·​fo·​nyl·​ureas

gliclazide

217
Q

Why are Sulfonylureas prescribed?

A

medications that control blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes by stimulating the production of insulin in the pancreas and increasing the effectiveness of insulin in the body

218
Q

gliclazide

A

gli·​cla·​zide
anti-diabetic medication, used to treat diabetes mellitus type 2
used when dietary changes, exercise, and weight loss are not enough
increases the amount of insulin that your pancreas makes

219
Q

Common Macrolides…

A

clarithromycin

220
Q

Why are macrolides prescribed?

A

used to treat infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria treat infections caused by limited Gram-negative bacteria
treat some respiratory tract and soft-tissue infections

221
Q

clarithromycin

A

cla·​rith·​ro·​my·​cin

a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic used especially in the treatment of various mild to moderate bacterial infections

222
Q

Common Gout and hyperuricaemia drugs…

A

allopurinol

223
Q

Why are Gout and hyperuricaemia drugs prescribed?

A

used to lower levels of uric acid in your blood
If you produce too much uric acid or your kidneys do not filter enough out, it can build up and cause tiny, sharp crystals to form in and around your joints

224
Q

allopurinol

A

al·​lo·​pu·​ri·​nol
used to promote excretion of uric acid
used to treat gout and kidney stones

225
Q

What does hyperuricaemia mean?

A

hy·​per·​uri·​ce·​mia

excess uric acid in the blood

226
Q

Why are Alginates and antacids prescribed?

A

Alginates taken in combination with an antacid increases the viscosity of stomach contents and can protect the oesophageal mucosa from acid reflux

227
Q

Common Anti‐depressant drugs…

A

venlafaxine

mirtazapine

228
Q

Why are anti-depressants prescribed?

A

are prescribed for mood conditions such as depression and anxiety, as well as for pain and sleeping troubles

229
Q

venlafaxine

A

ven·​la·​fax·​ine

a drug that functions as an SNRI and is used especially to treat depression, anxiety, and panic disorder

230
Q

mirtazapine

A

mir·​taz·​a·​pine

an antidepressant drug taken orally especially to treat major depressive disorder

231
Q

Common Ocular lubricants…

A

hypromellose

232
Q

Why are ocular lubricants prescribed?

A

keep the eye moist
help to protect the eye from injury and infection
decrease symptoms of dry eyes such as burning, itching, and feeling as if something is in the eye

233
Q

hypromellose

A

hy·​pro·​mellose

is a semisynthetic, inert, viscoelastic polymer used as eye drops

234
Q

Common Anti‐muscarinic bronchodilators…

A

tiotropium

ipratropium bromide

235
Q

Why are anti‐muscarinic bronchodilators prescribed?

A

used to treat long-term conditions where the airways may become narrow and inflamed, such as asthma and COPD

236
Q

tiotropium

A

ti·​o·​tro·​pi·​um
an anticholinergic drug administered by oral inhalation as a bronchodilator in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

237
Q

ipratropium bromide

A

ip·​ra·​tro·​pi·​um bromide
an anticholinergic drug
inhalational aerosol for bronchodilation especially in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
nasal spray in the treatment of runny nose associated with rhinitis

238
Q

Common cardiac glycosides…

A

digoxin

239
Q

Why are cardiac glycosides prescribed?

A

main medical treatment to congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmia
due to their effects of increasing the force of muscle contraction while reducing heart rate

240
Q

digoxin

A

di·​gox·​in

used especially to treat atrial fibrillation

241
Q

Common 2nd generation anti-psychotics…

A

quetiapine
olanzapine
risperidone

242
Q

Why are 2nd generation antipsychotics prescribed?

A

if extrapyramidal side-effects are a particular concern

243
Q

What are extrapyramidal side-effects?

A

Physical symptoms, including tremor, slurred speech, akathesia, dystonia, anxiety, distress, paranoia, and bradyphrenia, that are primarily associated with improper dosing of or unusual reactions to neuroleptic (antipsychotic) medications

244
Q

quetiapine

A

que·​ti·​a·​pine

an antipsychotic drug taken especially to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

245
Q

olanzapine

A

olan·​za·​pine

an antipsychotic drug used in the short-term treatment of schizophrenia and acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder

246
Q

risperidone

A

ris·​per·​i·​done

an antipsychotic drug used especially to treat schizophrenia

247
Q

Commonly prescribed anti‐proliferative immunosuppressants….

A

azathioprine

248
Q

Why are anti‐proliferative immunosuppressants prescribed?

A

widely used for transplant recipients and it is also used to treat a number of auto-immune conditions, usually when corticosteroid therapy alone provides inadequate control

249
Q

azathioprine

A

aza·​thi·​o·​prine

an immunosuppressant

250
Q

Common tetracyclines…

A

doxycycline

251
Q

Why are tetracyclines prescribed?

A

treat infections caused by bacteria including pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections
certain infections of skin, eye, lymphatic, intestinal, genital and urinary systems
certain other infections that are spread by ticks, lice, mites, and infected animals

252
Q

doxycycline

A

doxy·​cy·​cline

a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic used orally to treat various bacterial infections

253
Q

Common anti-motility drugs…

A

loperamide

254
Q

Why are anti-motility drugs prescribed?

A

can reduce bowel movement frequency and enable travelers to resume their activities while awaiting the effects of antibiotics

255
Q

loperamide

A

lo·​per·​a·​mide
slows intestinal peristalsis and is used control acute nonspecific diarrhea or chronic diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease or to reduce fecal volume discharged from ileostomies

256
Q

Common dopaminergic drugs used in parkinsonism…

A

co‐careldopa

a mixture of the medicines levodopa and carbidopa

257
Q

Why are dopaminergenic drugs prescribed in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease?

A

provide an effective alternative to levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. They allow initiation of levodopa therapy to be delayed so deferring onset of levodopa associated treatment complications, a particular problem in younger patients

258
Q

co‐careldopa

A

co·​care·​l·​dopa

used to treat the main symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. It can help with shaking (tremors), slowness and stiffness

259
Q

Why is Lamotrigine prescribed?

A

used to treat epilepsy

can also help prevent low mood (depression) in adults with bipolar disorder

260
Q

Lamotrigine

A

la·​mot·​ri·​gine
an anticonvulsant medication used to treat epilepsy and to delay or prevent the recurrence of depressive episodes in bipolar disorder

261
Q

Common direct oral anticoagulants…

A

rivaroxaban
apixaban
dabigatran

262
Q

Why are direct oral anticoagulants prescribed?

A

also called vitamin K antagonists (VKAs)

are used to prevent the occurrence or increase of unwanted blood clots

263
Q

rivaroxaban

A

riv·​a·​rox·​a·​ban
an anticoagulant drug that inhibits the activity of factor X and is taken to prevent and treat deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism and to reduce the risk of stroke related to atrial fibrillation

264
Q

apixaban

A

apix·​a·​ban
an anticoagulant drug that inhibits the activated form of factor X and is taken in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic disease (such as deep vein thrombosis)

265
Q

dabigatran

A

da·​big·​a·​tran
an anticoagulant drug that inhibits the action of thrombin and is administered to reduce the risk of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation in the absence of heart valve disease and to treat or prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism

266
Q

Common 1st generation anti-psychotics…

A

haloperidol

267
Q

Why are 1st generation anti-psychotics prescribed?

A

used primarily to treat positive symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions

268
Q

haloperidol

A

hal·​o·​per·​i·​dol

a depressant of the central nervous system used especially as an antipsychotic drug

269
Q

Common mucolytics…

A

mu·​co·​lyt·​ic

carbocisteine

270
Q

Why are Mucolytics prescribed?

A

medicines that make the mucus less thick and sticky and easier to cough up
They are usually prescribed for people who have a long-term (chronic) cough

271
Q

carbocisteine

A

car·bo·ci·st·eine
reduces the viscosity of sputum and so can be used to help relieve the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and bronchiectasis by allowing the sufferer to bring up sputum more easily

272
Q

Why is Levetiracetam prescribed?

A

anticonvulsant
to treat certain types of seizures in adults and children with epilepsy
works by decreasing abnormal excitement in the brain.

273
Q

Common penicillins…

A

benzylpenicillin

phenoxymethylpenicillin

274
Q

Why are penicillins prescribed?

A

used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria such as pneumonia and other respiratory tract infections, scarlet fever, and ear, skin, gum, mouth, and throat infections

275
Q

benzylpenicillin

A

ben·​zyl·​pen·​i·​cil·​lin
antibiotic used to treat a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, strep throat, syphilis, necrotizing enterocolitis, diphtheria, gas gangrene, leptospirosis, cellulitis, and tetanus

276
Q

phenoxymethylpenicillin

A

phe·​noxy·​meth·​yl·​pen·​i·​cil·​lin

antibiotic used for the treatment of strep throat, otitis media, and cellulitis

277
Q

Common aminosalicylates…

A

mesalazine

278
Q

Why are aminosalicylates prescribed?

A

used to treat inflammation of the gut that are used to treat and prevent flare-ups of ulcerative colitis
treatment of Crohn’s disease, a type of inflammatory bowel disease

279
Q

mesalazine

A

me·sal·a·zine

affects a substance in the body that causes inflammation, tissue damage, and diarrhea

280
Q

Why is Nitrofurantoin prescribed?

A

an antibiotic

used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and kidney infections

281
Q

Nitrofurantoin

A

ni·​tro·​fu·​ran·​to·​in

a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used especially in treating urinary tract infections

282
Q

What happens when you take nitrofurantoin?

A

When you take nitrofurantoin, your body quickly filters it out of your blood and into your pee

283
Q

Common antivirals..

A

aciclovir

284
Q

Why are antivirals prescribed?

A

used specifically for treating viral infections

285
Q

aciclovir

A

aci·​clo·​vir
a cyclic synthetic nucleoside used especially to treat the symptoms of chicken pox, shingles, and the genital form of herpes simplex

286
Q

Common Cephalosporins…

A

ceftriaxone

cefalexin

287
Q

Why are cephalosporins prescribed?

A

for people who are allergic to penicillin
broad-spectrum antibiotics which are used for the treatment of septicaemia, pneumonia, meningitis, biliary-tract infections, peritonitis, and urinary-tract infections

288
Q

ceftriaxone

A

cef·​tri·​ax·​one

a broad-spectrum semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic

289
Q

cefalexin

A

cef·​a·​lex·​in

a semisynthetic cephalosporin with a spectrum of antibiotic activity similar to the penicillins

290
Q

Common local anaesthetics…

A

Lidocaine

291
Q

Why are local anaesthetics prescribed?

A

used to treat painful conditions, prevent pain during a procedure or operation, or relieve pain after surgery

292
Q

Lidocaine

A

li·​do·​caine

local anesthetic and as an antiarrhythmic agent

293
Q

What are anti arrhythmic agents?

A

also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications
used to suppress abnormal rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation

294
Q

Why is amiodarone prescribed?

A

used to treat or prevent heart rhythm disorders, such as atrial fibrillation
It can be used to treat patients in hospital, especially after heart surgery to prevent atrial fibrillation

295
Q

amiodarone

A

ami·​o·​da·​rone

an anti arrhythmic drug used to treat life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias

296
Q

Common drugs used in substance dependance…

A

nicotine

methadone

297
Q

Why is nicotine prescribed?

A

Nicotine replacement therapy
uses products that supply low doses of nicotine
These products do not contain many of the toxins found in smoke
The goal of therapy is to cut down on cravings for nicotine and ease the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal

298
Q

Why is methadone prescribed?

A

Methadone is an opiate prescribed by doctors as a substitute for heroin
Used to help heroin addicts overcome withdrawal symptoms

Prescription drugs (1 decks)

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