Common Precautions and Drugs (Neuro diagnosis) Flashcards
Spinal Precautions: No _, , or _ (). Wear _ and _ as prescribed.
No BENDING, LIFTING, OR TWISTING (BLT).
Wear BRACES and SUPPORTS as prescribed.
For SCI, be aware of signs of _ _. If patient shows signs do not _ them _, call _ _ _.
Be aware of signs of AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA. If patient shows signs do not LAY THEM DOWN, call EMERGENCY HELP IMMEDIATELY.
Why shouldn’t you lay a patient with AD down?
Because it will increase their BP
Pacemaker Precautions: Do not use _ or _ _ on patients with pacemakers. Avoid _ _ _. No greater than _ _ of _ _ and _ on side of pacemaker.
Do not use DIATHERMY or ELECTRICAL STIMULATION on patients with pacemakers
Avoid HIGHLY MAGNETIC FIELDS
No greater than 90 DEGREES of SHOULDER FLEXION and ABDUCTION on side of pacemaker.
Cardiac Precautions: Avoid _ _. Decrease the amount of _ used by the body by using _ _ _. Use techniques like - _ to reduce the _ _. Avoid _ _.
Avoid EXTREME EXERTION
Decrease the amount of OXYGEN used by the body by using ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES
Use techniques like PURSED-LIP BREATHING to reduce the. HEART RATE.
Avoid VALSALVA MANUEVER
Weight bearing precautions: Do not use _ _ to support body weight. Make sure the _ _ is _ in a way to minimize _ on that _. _ or _ should be _ as _.
Do not use AFFECTED LIMB to support body weight
Make sure the AFFECTED LIMB is SUPPORTED in a way to minimize PRESSURE on that LIMB.
BRACES or SUPPORTS should be WORN as PRESCRIBED
Anterior THA: Do not _ at the hip, do not point toes _ or _, do not cross _ or _, and keep _ _ _ apart. Keep the operating leg _ _ while _.
Do not HYPEREXTEND at the hip, do not point toes IN OR OUT, do not cross LEGS OR ANKLES, and keep SHOULDER WIDTH apart.
Keep the operating leg IN FRONT while TRANSFERRING
Posterior THA Precautions: Do not _ the _ past _ _. Do not _ _ in or out. Do not _ the _ or _, and keep _ _ _ apart. Keep the operated leg _ _ while _.
Do not FLEX the HIP past 90 DEGREES
Do not POINT TOES in or out. Do not CROSS the LEGS OR ANKLES, and keep LEGS SHOULDER WIDTH apart.
Keep the operated leg IN FRONT while TRANSFERRING
Diabetic Precautions: Check _ _ regularly. Do not _ _. Stay _. Be aware of possible _ and _ (especially in _).
Check BLOOD SUGAR regularly.
Do not SKIP MEALS. Stay HYDRATED
Be aware of possible RETINOPATHY and NEUROPATHY (especially in EXTREMITIES)
Craniotomy/ ectomy precautions: Keep site _ and _, do not get the _ _. Do not _ _ _ to the affected area of the head. Keep the head of the bed _ to at _ _ _. _ may be required for OOB activities.
Keep site CLEAN AND DRY, do not get the SUTURES WET.
Do not APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE to the affected area of the head
Keep the head of the bed RAISED to at LEAST 90 DEGREES.
HELMET may be required for OOB activities
Post Canalith Repositioning Precautions: Do not _ on affected side for _ _. Remain _ for _ _, after that it is ok to sleep with _ _ or on _ _.
Do not LIE on affected side for 5 DAYS
Remain UPRIGHT for 12 HOURS after that it it’s ok to sleep with 2 PILLOWS or on AFFECTED SIDE
Post Canalith Repositioning Precautions: Limit _ _ for 48 hours; no _ _ _, no _ _ or _. Wear _ _ if available. Avoid _ that make you _.
Limit HEAD MOTION for 48 hours; no QUICK HEAD MOVEMENTS, no LOOKING UP or DOWN.
Wear CERVICAL COLLAR if available
Avoid POSITIONS that make you DIZZY
Ventricular shunt precautions: Gradually _ the _ of the _ as ordered by the MD. Severity of _ will determine the _ of _ before _ _ is allowed. Do not put _ on _ _ of the _.
Gradually RAISE the ELEVATION of the HEAD of the BED as ordered by the MD.
Severity of HYDROCEPHALUS will determine the AMOUNT of TIME before OOB ACTIVITY is allowed.
Do not put PRESSURE on SUPERFICIAL PORTION of the SHUNT
G Tube precautions: Do not position the patient _ on _ or _. Patients head must be _ at _ _ _. Observe _ _ (ex- _, _, etc)
Do not position the patient FLAT ON BACK OR SIDE
Patients head must be ELEVATED at LEAST 30 DEGREES
Observe FEEDING PRECAUTIONS (ex- NPO, NECTAR, etc)
Aspiration/ Dysphagia Precautions: Observe _ _. Patients head should be _ _ as much as _ while /. Look for signs of _ (ex- _, wet _, _ voice, _, etc.)
Observe PRESCRIBED DIET
Patients head should be SITTING UP as much as POSSIBLE while EATING/ DRINKING.
Look for signs of ASPIRATION (ex- CHOKING, wet COUGH, HOARSE voice, DROOLING, etc.)
Hypertension precautions: Patients should not perform _ _. Patient should not perform _ requiring _ _ which could _ _. Patients should not _ _ or anything that could _ _.
Patients should not perform VALSAVA MANUEVER.
Patient should not perform ACTIVITY requiring GREAT EXERTION which could RAISE BP.
Patients should not WEAR BINDERS or anything that could RESTRICT CIRCULATION.
DVT warning signs: _, _, _, _, or _ in _, _ or _. Skin that is _, _ or _ to the touch. _ or _ in the leg, especially in _ or _. _ pain or _ of _. _ or _.
PAIN, TENDERNESS, SWELLING, HEAT or REDNESS in HEEL, CALF or GROIN
Skin that is PALE, BLUE, or COLD to the touch.
NUMBNESS or TINGLING in the leg, especially in the CALF or HEEL.
CHEST pain or SHORTNESS OF BREATH. FEVER or CHILLS.
DVT precautions and prevention: Do not _ or _ the leg if DVT is _. _ patients are more at risk. Wear _ _ and _ _ regularly. Stay _.
Do not MASSAGE or EXERCISE the leg if DVT is PRESENT.
CHF patients are more at risk.
Wear TED HOSE and EXERCISE LIMB regularly. Stay HYDRATED.
Seizure Precautions- If patient has a seizure: Alert _ _, place _ _ under patients head, _ _. Do not _ _. Note _ and _. _ on _.
Alert MEDICAL STAFF, place SOFT OBJECT under patients head, LOOSEN CLOTHING.
Do not RESTRAIN PATIENT.
Note TIME and SYMPTOMS. TURN on SIDE.
Sternal Precautions: Do not lift _ than _ . No _ or _ with arms. No _ _ greater than _ _ ( and _). Do not _ _.
Do not lift MORE than 8 LBS.
No PUSHING or PULLING with arms.
No SHOULDER MOVEMENT greater than 90 DEGREES (FLEXION and ABDUCTION).
Do not HOLD BREATH
Sternal Precautions: Avoid _ _ the _. Avoid _. _ _ when _ or _ post 2 weeks.
Avoid REACHING BEHIND the BODY.
Avoid TWISTING.
BRACE CHEST when COUGHING or SNEEZING post 2 weeks.
Ototoxic drugs- Gentamycin, amikacin, and streptomycin are all examples of _. Cisplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine are all examples of _.
Genamycin, amikacin, and streptomycin are all examples of AMINOGYLCOSIDES
Cisplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine are all examples of ANTINEOPLASTICS
Ototoxic Drugs- Mercury, tin, lead, and carbon monoxide are all examples of _ _. Furosemide, bumetanide, and mannital are all examples of _.
Mercury, tin, lead, and carbon monoxide are all examples of ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS
Furosemide, bumetanide, and mannital are all examples of DIEURETICS
Antihistamines, benzodiazepines, and anticholinergic drugs are prescribed for _ and _ symptoms.
Antihistamines (Dramamine, antivert, Benadryl, phenergen), benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan), and anticholinergics (scopolamine) drugs are prescribed for DIZZINESS and VERTIGO symptoms
Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), heparin, fragments, levenox, Coumadin, and lovenox are all / that are prescribed for _
All are ANTICOAGULANTS/ ANTITHROMBOLYTICS that are prescribed for STROKE (CVA)
ASA, plavix, aggrenox are _ _ drugs. Prescribed for _ patients.
ASA, plavix, aggrenox are ANTIPLATELET THERAPY drugs.
Prescribed for STROKE PATIENTS
Phenytoin (Dilantin), keppra, neurotic, carbamazepine (tegretol), lanictal, and phenobarbital are all _ medications used in _ _.
. . .are all SEIZURE medications used in STROKE PATIENTS
Baclofen, Zanaflex, Valium, and Dantrium are all examples of drugs prescribed for _ in _, _, and _ patients.
. . .Prescribed for SPASTICITY in STROKE, TBI, and MS patients
Tylenol, NSAIDS, AED’s (neurotine, lyrica), gabapentin (neurontin) and cymbalta are all examples of _ _. Often prescribed (one or more of) for _, _, , and _ ( _ _).
Are all examples of PAIN MEDICATIONS
Often prescribed (one or more of) for STROKE, TBI, MS, AND GBS (GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME).
Ambien, trazodone, and restoril are drugs prescribed for _ in _ and _ patients
Prescribed for INSOMNIA in STROKE and TBI patients
Ritalin, Paxil, Effexor, Zoloft, Prozac, celexa, Paxil (SSRI’S, TCA’S, SNRI’S) are all examples of _ often prescribed in _ patients.
Are all examples of ANTIDEPRESSANTS often prescribed in STROKE patients
Amantadine, parolees, and Ritalin are examples of _ to improve _/ _ in stroke patients.
Are examples of DRUGS to improve ALERTNESS/ ATTENTION in stroke patients.
Haldol and Thorazine are examples of drugs to treat _ and are often prescribed in _ patients.
Examples of drugs to treat PSYCHOSIS and are often prescribed in TBI patients.
Propulsid and Reglan are prescribed to treat _/ _ _ in _ patients.
Are prescribed to treat NAUSEA/ GASTRIC STASIS in TBI patients.
Bromocriptine, Sinemet, amantadine, Ritalin, adderall, and provigal (monafinil) are all examples of drugs to treat _/ _ in TBI patients.
Are all examples of drugs to treat AROUSAL/ ATTENTION in TBI patients.
Atenolol, TCA’S, Depakote, antipsychotics, and lithium are prescribed to control _ _ in _ patients.
Are prescribed to control DISINHIBITED BEHAVIOR in TBI patients.
Indocin, NSAIDs, Disphosphonates, etridonate disodium, and didronel are examples of drugs used to treat _ _ in _ and _ patients.
Used to treat HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION in TBI and GBS patients.
Avonex (interferon beta-1a), Betaseron (interferon beta- 1b), Copaxone (glatiramer acetate), novantrone (matoxantrone), Rebif (interferon beta- 1a) and tysabri (natalizumab) are all example of - _ used to treat _ _.
Are all examples of DISEASE-MODIFYING AGENTS used to treat MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), prednisone, high dose solumedrol are all drugs used to treat _ _ in _ _ patients.
Used to treat ACUTE RELAPSES in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS patients.
Amantadine, cyberterrorist, and provigil (modafinil) are drugs used to treat _ in MS patients.
Are drugs used to treat FATIGUE in MS patients.
Oxybutynin, Detrol, vesicare (solifenacin), Sanctura, and enablex are all examples of drugs used to treat _ _ in MS patients.
Used to treat BLADDER DYSFUNCTION in MS patients
Klonopin, hydroxyzine, and Inderal are all drugs used to treat _ in MS patients. Meclizine, and Scopolamine patches are used to treat _ in MS patients
Klonopin, hydroxyzine, Inderal- used to treat TREMOR
Meclizine and Scopolamine patches- used to treat DIZZINESS
. . . . In MS patients
Manganese, tetrahydroisoquinoline (TQL), and tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are all examples of _ _ drugs.
Are all examples of PARKINSON’S CAUSING drugs
Trihexphenidyl HCL (Artane), benztropine mesylate (cogentin), Biperiden HCL (akineton), procyclidine HCL (kemardrin), ethopropazine HCL (paridol), and diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl) are all examples of _ drugs used to treat _ _.
ARe all examples of ANTICHOLINERGIC drugs used to treat PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Levodopa (laradopa), carbidopa- levidopa (Sinemet), dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) are examples of _ _ used to treat Parkinson’s.
Are all examples of DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS
Amantadine HCL (symmetrel), bromocriptine mesylate (parlodel), pergolide mesylate (permax), selegiline HCL (eldepryl), and MOA inhibitors pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinrole (requip) are all examples of - drugs used to treat _.
Are all examples of DOPAMINE-LIKE drugs used to treat PD
Mirapex decreases _ and _ in PD patients and is prescribed in the _ _.
Decreases FREEZING and TREMOR in PD patients and is prescribed in the EARLIER STAGES
Selegiline, deprenyl (Monoamine oxidase- b inhibitor), requip, stalevo (carbi/levo/comtan) are all examples of _ _ _ treatments.
Are all examples of EARLY PD DRUG treatments
Sinemet-levodopa/ carbidopa is prescribed in _ _ _. Bromocriptine and pergolide are prescribed in _ _ _.
Sinemet- levodopa/ carbidopa is prescribed in MIDDLE STAGE PD
Bromocriptine and pergolide are prescribed in LATES STAGE PD
Cogentin, Comtan, Eldepryl, parcopa and parlodel are drugs prescribed to treat the symptoms of _ _
Are drugs prescribed to treat the symptoms of PARKINSON’S DISEASE
Riluzole (Rilutec) is used to treat _ _ _.
Used to treat AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
Steroids, solumedrol protocol and Baclofen (Lioresal), benzodiazepines (diazepam), Dantrolium sodium (Dantrium), and Tizanidine (zanaflex)- short acting are all used as _ _ for _ _ _.
Are all used as EARLY TREATMENTS for GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)
Oxybutynin Chloride (ditropan), Detrol, vesicare, Sanctura, and enablex are used to treat _ and _ _ in _ patients.
Are used to treat BOWEL and BLADDER DYSFUNCTIONS in GBS patients
Florinef acetate (fludrocortisone acetate) and midodrine are drugs used to treat _ _ in _ patients
Are used to treat ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in GBS patients.
_ _ drug class is used to treat patients in a vegetative state/ Rancho level 1.
DOPAMINE AGONISTS
_ _ and _ _ are used to treat minimally responsive patients/ Rancho level 2-4. Both are also used to treat _ in Rancho Level 1 patients.
DOPAMINE AGONISTS and TRICYLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCA’S)
Both are also used to treat AGITATION in Rancho level 1 patients.
Dopamine agonists, Tricyclic antidepressants, and Depakote are used to treat _ in stroke and TBI patients. Definition?
Are used to treat LABILITY in stroke and TBI patients
Definition: inappropriate laughter and crying, out of proportion to the eliciting situation.
_ or excessive _ in stroke and TBI patients is treated with serotonergic agents.
HYPERPHAGIA, or excessive EATING in stroke . . .
_ _ is treated with dopamine agents in stroke and TBI patients. Is defined as the _ to _ secondary to physical and/ or sensory loss.
AKINETIC MUTISM is treated with dopamine agonists. . . .
Is defined as the INABILITY TO SPEAK secondary to physical and/ or sensory loss.
AED’s are? SSRI’s? TCA’S? SNRI’S?
AED- anti epileptic drugs
SSRI- selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
TCA- Tricyclic antidepressants
SNRI- serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors
