Common Precautions and Drugs (Neuro diagnosis)

Question 1

Spinal Precautions: No _, , or _ (). Wear _ and _ as prescribed.

Answer 1

No BENDING, LIFTING, OR TWISTING (BLT).

Wear BRACES and SUPPORTS as prescribed.

Question 2

For SCI, be aware of signs of _ _. If patient shows signs do not _ them _, call _ _ _.

Answer 2

Be aware of signs of AUTONOMIC DYSREFLEXIA. If patient shows signs do not LAY THEM DOWN, call EMERGENCY HELP IMMEDIATELY.

Question 3

Why shouldn’t you lay a patient with AD down?

Answer 3

Because it will increase their BP

Question 4

Pacemaker Precautions: Do not use _ or _ _ on patients with pacemakers. Avoid _ _ _. No greater than _ _ of _ _ and _ on side of pacemaker.

Answer 4

Do not use DIATHERMY or ELECTRICAL STIMULATION on patients with pacemakers

Avoid HIGHLY MAGNETIC FIELDS

No greater than 90 DEGREES of SHOULDER FLEXION and ABDUCTION on side of pacemaker.

Question 5

Cardiac Precautions: Avoid _ _. Decrease the amount of _ used by the body by using _ _ _. Use techniques like - _ to reduce the _ _. Avoid _ _.

Answer 5

Avoid EXTREME EXERTION

Decrease the amount of OXYGEN used by the body by using ENERGY CONSERVATION TECHNIQUES

Use techniques like PURSED-LIP BREATHING to reduce the. HEART RATE.

Avoid VALSALVA MANUEVER

Question 6

Weight bearing precautions: Do not use _ _ to support body weight. Make sure the _ _ is _ in a way to minimize _ on that _. _ or _ should be _ as _.

Answer 6

Do not use AFFECTED LIMB to support body weight

Make sure the AFFECTED LIMB is SUPPORTED in a way to minimize PRESSURE on that LIMB.

BRACES or SUPPORTS should be WORN as PRESCRIBED

Question 7

Anterior THA: Do not _ at the hip, do not point toes _ or _, do not cross _ or _, and keep _ _ _ apart. Keep the operating leg _ _ while _.

Answer 7

Do not HYPEREXTEND at the hip, do not point toes IN OR OUT, do not cross LEGS OR ANKLES, and keep SHOULDER WIDTH apart.

Keep the operating leg IN FRONT while TRANSFERRING

Question 8

Posterior THA Precautions: Do not _ the _ past _ _. Do not _ _ in or out. Do not _ the _ or _, and keep _ _ _ apart. Keep the operated leg _ _ while _.

Answer 8

Do not FLEX the HIP past 90 DEGREES

Do not POINT TOES in or out. Do not CROSS the LEGS OR ANKLES, and keep LEGS SHOULDER WIDTH apart.

Keep the operated leg IN FRONT while TRANSFERRING

Question 9

Diabetic Precautions: Check _ _ regularly. Do not _ _. Stay _. Be aware of possible _ and _ (especially in _).

Answer 9

Check BLOOD SUGAR regularly.

Do not SKIP MEALS. Stay HYDRATED

Be aware of possible RETINOPATHY and NEUROPATHY (especially in EXTREMITIES)

Question 10

Craniotomy/ ectomy precautions: Keep site _ and _, do not get the _ _. Do not _ _ _ to the affected area of the head. Keep the head of the bed _ to at _ _ _. _ may be required for OOB activities.

Answer 10

Keep site CLEAN AND DRY, do not get the SUTURES WET.

Do not APPLY DIRECT PRESSURE to the affected area of the head

Keep the head of the bed RAISED to at LEAST 90 DEGREES.

HELMET may be required for OOB activities

Question 11

Post Canalith Repositioning Precautions: Do not _ on affected side for _ _. Remain _ for _ _, after that it is ok to sleep with _ _ or on _ _.

Answer 11

Do not LIE on affected side for 5 DAYS

Remain UPRIGHT for 12 HOURS after that it it’s ok to sleep with 2 PILLOWS or on AFFECTED SIDE

Question 12

Post Canalith Repositioning Precautions: Limit _ _ for 48 hours; no _ _ _, no _ _ or _. Wear _ _ if available. Avoid _ that make you _.

Answer 12

Limit HEAD MOTION for 48 hours; no QUICK HEAD MOVEMENTS, no LOOKING UP or DOWN.

Wear CERVICAL COLLAR if available

Avoid POSITIONS that make you DIZZY

Question 13

Ventricular shunt precautions: Gradually _ the _ of the _ as ordered by the MD. Severity of _ will determine the _ of _ before _ _ is allowed. Do not put _ on _ _ of the _.

Answer 13

Gradually RAISE the ELEVATION of the HEAD of the BED as ordered by the MD.

Severity of HYDROCEPHALUS will determine the AMOUNT of TIME before OOB ACTIVITY is allowed.

Do not put PRESSURE on SUPERFICIAL PORTION of the SHUNT

Question 14

G Tube precautions: Do not position the patient _ on _ or _. Patients head must be _ at _ _ _. Observe _ _ (ex- _, _, etc)

Answer 14

Do not position the patient FLAT ON BACK OR SIDE

Patients head must be ELEVATED at LEAST 30 DEGREES

Observe FEEDING PRECAUTIONS (ex- NPO, NECTAR, etc)

Question 15

Aspiration/ Dysphagia Precautions: Observe _ _. Patients head should be _ _ as much as _ while /. Look for signs of _ (ex- _, wet _, _ voice, _, etc.)

Answer 15

Observe PRESCRIBED DIET

Patients head should be SITTING UP as much as POSSIBLE while EATING/ DRINKING.

Look for signs of ASPIRATION (ex- CHOKING, wet COUGH, HOARSE voice, DROOLING, etc.)

Question 16

Hypertension precautions: Patients should not perform _ _. Patient should not perform _ requiring _ _ which could _ _. Patients should not _ _ or anything that could _ _.

Answer 16

Patients should not perform VALSAVA MANUEVER.

Patient should not perform ACTIVITY requiring GREAT EXERTION which could RAISE BP.

Patients should not WEAR BINDERS or anything that could RESTRICT CIRCULATION.

Question 17

DVT warning signs: _, _, _, _, or _ in _, _ or _. Skin that is _, _ or _ to the touch. _ or _ in the leg, especially in _ or _. _ pain or _ of _. _ or _.

Answer 17

PAIN, TENDERNESS, SWELLING, HEAT or REDNESS in HEEL, CALF or GROIN

Skin that is PALE, BLUE, or COLD to the touch.

NUMBNESS or TINGLING in the leg, especially in the CALF or HEEL.

CHEST pain or SHORTNESS OF BREATH. FEVER or CHILLS.

Question 18

DVT precautions and prevention: Do not _ or _ the leg if DVT is _. _ patients are more at risk. Wear _ _ and _ _ regularly. Stay _.

Answer 18

Do not MASSAGE or EXERCISE the leg if DVT is PRESENT.

CHF patients are more at risk.

Wear TED HOSE and EXERCISE LIMB regularly. Stay HYDRATED.

Question 19

Seizure Precautions- If patient has a seizure: Alert _ _, place _ _ under patients head, _ _. Do not _ _. Note _ and _. _ on _.

Answer 19

Alert MEDICAL STAFF, place SOFT OBJECT under patients head, LOOSEN CLOTHING.

Do not RESTRAIN PATIENT.

Note TIME and SYMPTOMS. TURN on SIDE.

Question 20

Sternal Precautions: Do not lift _ than _ . No _ or _ with arms. No _ _ greater than _ _ ( and _). Do not _ _.

Answer 20

Do not lift MORE than 8 LBS.

No PUSHING or PULLING with arms.

No SHOULDER MOVEMENT greater than 90 DEGREES (FLEXION and ABDUCTION).

Do not HOLD BREATH

Question 21

Sternal Precautions: Avoid _ _ the _. Avoid _. _ _ when _ or _ post 2 weeks.

Answer 21

Avoid REACHING BEHIND the BODY.

Avoid TWISTING.

BRACE CHEST when COUGHING or SNEEZING post 2 weeks.

Question 22

Ototoxic drugs- Gentamycin, amikacin, and streptomycin are all examples of _. Cisplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine are all examples of _.

Answer 22

Genamycin, amikacin, and streptomycin are all examples of AMINOGYLCOSIDES

Cisplatin, bleomycin, vincristine, and vinblastine are all examples of ANTINEOPLASTICS

Question 23

Ototoxic Drugs- Mercury, tin, lead, and carbon monoxide are all examples of _ _. Furosemide, bumetanide, and mannital are all examples of _.

Answer 23

Mercury, tin, lead, and carbon monoxide are all examples of ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS

Furosemide, bumetanide, and mannital are all examples of DIEURETICS

Question 24

Antihistamines, benzodiazepines, and anticholinergic drugs are prescribed for _ and _ symptoms.

Answer 24

Antihistamines (Dramamine, antivert, Benadryl, phenergen), benzodiazepines (Valium, Ativan), and anticholinergics (scopolamine) drugs are prescribed for DIZZINESS and VERTIGO symptoms

Question 25

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), heparin, fragments, levenox, Coumadin, and lovenox are all _/_ that are prescribed for _

Answer 25

All are ANTICOAGULANTS/ ANTITHROMBOLYTICS that are prescribed for STROKE (CVA)

Question 26

ASA, plavix, aggrenox are _ _ drugs. Prescribed for _ patients.

Answer 26

ASA, plavix, aggrenox are ANTIPLATELET THERAPY drugs. Prescribed for STROKE PATIENTS

Question 27

Phenytoin (Dilantin), keppra, neurotic, carbamazepine (tegretol), lanictal, and phenobarbital are all _ medications used in _ _.

Answer 27

. . .are all SEIZURE medications used in STROKE PATIENTS

Question 28

Baclofen, Zanaflex, Valium, and Dantrium are all examples of drugs prescribed for _ in _, _, and _ patients.

Answer 28

. . .Prescribed for SPASTICITY in STROKE, TBI, and MS patients

Question 29

Tylenol, NSAIDS, AED's (neurotine, lyrica), gabapentin (neurontin) and cymbalta are all examples of _ _. Often prescribed (one or more of) for _, _, _, and _ (_ _ _).

Answer 29

Are all examples of PAIN MEDICATIONS Often prescribed (one or more of) for STROKE, TBI, MS, AND GBS (GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME).

Question 30

Ambien, trazodone, and restoril are drugs prescribed for _ in _ and _ patients

Answer 30

Prescribed for INSOMNIA in STROKE and TBI patients

Question 31

Ritalin, Paxil, Effexor, Zoloft, Prozac, celexa, Paxil (SSRI'S, TCA'S, SNRI'S) are all examples of _ often prescribed in _ patients.

Answer 31

Are all examples of ANTIDEPRESSANTS often prescribed in STROKE patients

Question 32

Amantadine, parolees, and Ritalin are examples of _ to improve _/ _ in stroke patients.

Answer 32

Are examples of DRUGS to improve ALERTNESS/ ATTENTION in stroke patients.

Question 33

Haldol and Thorazine are examples of drugs to treat _ and are often prescribed in _ patients.

Answer 33

Examples of drugs to treat PSYCHOSIS and are often prescribed in TBI patients.

Question 34

Propulsid and Reglan are prescribed to treat _/ _ _ in _ patients.

Answer 34

Are prescribed to treat NAUSEA/ GASTRIC STASIS in TBI patients.

Question 35

Bromocriptine, Sinemet, amantadine, Ritalin, adderall, and provigal (monafinil) are all examples of drugs to treat _/ _ in TBI patients.

Answer 35

Are all examples of drugs to treat AROUSAL/ ATTENTION in TBI patients.

Question 36

Atenolol, TCA'S, Depakote, antipsychotics, and lithium are prescribed to control _ _ in _ patients.

Answer 36

Are prescribed to control DISINHIBITED BEHAVIOR in TBI patients.

Question 37

Indocin, NSAIDs, Disphosphonates, etridonate disodium, and didronel are examples of drugs used to treat _ _ in _ and _ patients.

Answer 37

Used to treat HETEROTOPIC OSSIFICATION in TBI and GBS patients.

Question 38

Avonex (interferon beta-1a), Betaseron (interferon beta- 1b), Copaxone (glatiramer acetate), novantrone (matoxantrone), Rebif (interferon beta- 1a) and tysabri (natalizumab) are all example of _-_ _ used to treat _ _.

Answer 38

Are all examples of DISEASE-MODIFYING AGENTS used to treat MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS

Question 39

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH), prednisone, high dose solumedrol are all drugs used to treat _ _ in _ _ patients.

Answer 39

Used to treat ACUTE RELAPSES in MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS patients.

Question 40

Amantadine, cyberterrorist, and provigil (modafinil) are drugs used to treat _ in MS patients.

Answer 40

Are drugs used to treat FATIGUE in MS patients.

Question 41

Oxybutynin, Detrol, vesicare (solifenacin), Sanctura, and enablex are all examples of drugs used to treat _ _ in MS patients.

Answer 41

Used to treat BLADDER DYSFUNCTION in MS patients

Question 42

Klonopin, hydroxyzine, and Inderal are all drugs used to treat _ in MS patients. Meclizine, and Scopolamine patches are used to treat _ in MS patients

Answer 42

Klonopin, hydroxyzine, Inderal- used to treat TREMOR Meclizine and Scopolamine patches- used to treat DIZZINESS . . . . In MS patients

Question 43

Manganese, tetrahydroisoquinoline (TQL), and tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are all examples of _ _ drugs.

Answer 43

Are all examples of PARKINSON'S CAUSING drugs

Question 44

Trihexphenidyl HCL (Artane), benztropine mesylate (cogentin), Biperiden HCL (akineton), procyclidine HCL (kemardrin), ethopropazine HCL (paridol), and diphenhydramine HCL (Benadryl) are all examples of _ drugs used to treat _ _.

Answer 44

ARe all examples of ANTICHOLINERGIC drugs used to treat PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Question 45

Levodopa (laradopa), carbidopa- levidopa (Sinemet), dopa decarboxylase inhibitor (carbidopa) are examples of _ _ used to treat Parkinson's.

Answer 45

Are all examples of DOPAMINERGIC DRUGS

Question 46

Amantadine HCL (symmetrel), bromocriptine mesylate (parlodel), pergolide mesylate (permax), selegiline HCL (eldepryl), and MOA inhibitors pramipexole (Mirapex) and ropinrole (requip) are all examples of _-_ drugs used to treat _.

Answer 46

Are all examples of DOPAMINE-LIKE drugs used to treat PD

Question 47

Mirapex decreases _ and _ in PD patients and is prescribed in the _ _.

Answer 47

Decreases FREEZING and TREMOR in PD patients and is prescribed in the EARLIER STAGES

Question 48

Selegiline, deprenyl (Monoamine oxidase- b inhibitor), requip, stalevo (carbi/levo/comtan) are all examples of _ _ _ treatments.

Answer 48

Are all examples of EARLY PD DRUG treatments

Question 49

Sinemet-levodopa/ carbidopa is prescribed in _ _ _. Bromocriptine and pergolide are prescribed in _ _ _.

Answer 49

Sinemet- levodopa/ carbidopa is prescribed in MIDDLE STAGE PD Bromocriptine and pergolide are prescribed in LATES STAGE PD

Question 50

Cogentin, Comtan, Eldepryl, parcopa and parlodel are drugs prescribed to treat the symptoms of _ _

Answer 50

Are drugs prescribed to treat the symptoms of PARKINSON'S DISEASE

Question 51

Riluzole (Rilutec) is used to treat _ _ _.

Answer 51

Used to treat AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)

Question 52

Steroids, solumedrol protocol and Baclofen (Lioresal), benzodiazepines (diazepam), Dantrolium sodium (Dantrium), and Tizanidine (zanaflex)- short acting are all used as _ _ for _ _ _.

Answer 52

Are all used as EARLY TREATMENTS for GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)

Question 53

Oxybutynin Chloride (ditropan), Detrol, vesicare, Sanctura, and enablex are used to treat _ and _ _ in _ patients.

Answer 53

Are used to treat BOWEL and BLADDER DYSFUNCTIONS in GBS patients

Question 54

Florinef acetate (fludrocortisone acetate) and midodrine are drugs used to treat _ _ in _ patients

Answer 54

Are used to treat ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION in GBS patients.

Question 55

_ _ drug class is used to treat patients in a vegetative state/ Rancho level 1.

Answer 55

DOPAMINE AGONISTS

Question 56

_ _ and _ _ are used to treat minimally responsive patients/ Rancho level 2-4. Both are also used to treat _ in Rancho Level 1 patients.

Answer 56

DOPAMINE AGONISTS and TRICYLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS (TCA'S) Both are also used to treat AGITATION in Rancho level 1 patients.

Question 57

Dopamine agonists, Tricyclic antidepressants, and Depakote are used to treat _ in stroke and TBI patients. Definition?

Answer 57

Are used to treat LABILITY in stroke and TBI patients Definition: inappropriate laughter and crying, out of proportion to the eliciting situation.

Question 58

_ or excessive _ in stroke and TBI patients is treated with serotonergic agents.

Answer 58

HYPERPHAGIA, or excessive EATING in stroke . . .

Question 59

_ _ is treated with dopamine agents in stroke and TBI patients. Is defined as the _ to _ secondary to physical and/ or sensory loss.

Answer 59

AKINETIC MUTISM is treated with dopamine agonists. . . . Is defined as the INABILITY TO SPEAK secondary to physical and/ or sensory loss.

Question 60

AED's are? SSRI's? TCA'S? SNRI'S?

Answer 60

AED- anti epileptic drugs SSRI- selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors TCA- Tricyclic antidepressants SNRI- serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors